Atomic Structure & Chemical Bonding Flashcards
Define elements.
simplest substances, are made up from simple particles.
Define molecules.
more than one atom bonded together, can be the same type of atoms or different atoms.
Define compounds.
combinations of different types of atoms, pure substance which consists of two or more elements chemically combined.
Define atoms.
smallest part of an element that can exist chemically but not the smallest particles, (made up of protons, neutrons & electrons
Define atomic no.
smaller no.
Define isotopes.
atoms of same element with different no. of neutrons but same no. of protons.
Define electrons.
subatomic particles with a -1 charge, demonstrate wave/particle duality.
What happens when an atom absorbs energy?
e- jumps from ground state to excited state (up an energy level/s).
Give Schrodingers theory of the H atom.
properties of waves used to explain behaviour of e- in atoms
- an e- in a particular orbit is described by a wavefunction
- this model shows the nucleus surrounded by a cloud of e-
- regions of space referred to as e- or atomic orbitals where there is a high probability of finding an e-.
How are e- arranged>
atoms are arranged in successive principle energy levels.
As principle quantum no. increases, e- density…
decreases.
Give the Pauli exclusion.
each orbital has max 2 e- with antiparallel spins.
Give Hund’s rule.
max multiplicity, e- fill set a of degenerate energy orbitals by keeping their spins parallel.
Give the Aufbau principle.
to populate orbitals for a given atom, start at lowest energy orbital and work upwards.
What configuration does an atom in the ground state adopt?
configuration with the greatest no. of unpaired e-.
