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Year 9 Chemistry > Atomic Structure Booklet > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Booklet Flashcards

1
Q

What does the periodic table display?

A

All the elements

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2
Q

Who argued that everything in the world was made up of particles so small they could not be cut in half?

A

Democritis

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3
Q

What did Democritus call the tiny things?

A

Atoms

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4
Q

Particles that make up elements are known as…

A

Atoms

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5
Q

What are the names of the atoms’ sub atomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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6
Q

Where is the cluster of proton and neutrons found?

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

Where do the electrons live?

A

Shells

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8
Q

How are atoms organised on the periodic table?

A

By Atomic number

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9
Q

How much relative charge does a proton have?

A

+1

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10
Q

How much relative charge does a neutron have?

A

0

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11
Q

How much relative charge does a electron have?

A

-1

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12
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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13
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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14
Q

What is the relative mass of a electron?

A

1/1840

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15
Q

Where is a proton found?

A

Nucleus

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16
Q

Where is a neutron found?

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

Where is a electron found?

A

Shells orbiting nucleus

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18
Q

What must an atom contain to ensure that it is neutral?

A

Equal number of protons and electrons

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19
Q

Number of protons =…

A

Number of electrons

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20
Q

What do the number of protons(or electrons) determine?

A

Which element it is

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21
Q

What is the atomic number of the element equal to?

A

Number of protons (or electrons)

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22
Q

What is the mass number?

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons in nucleus

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23
Q

Therefore, the number of neutrons =…

A

Mass number - number of protons

24
Q

What is the atomic number, mass number and numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons for e.g. Calcium?

A 
Atomic number = 20
Mass number = 40
Number of protons = 20
Number of neutrons = 20
Number of electrons = 20
25
Q

What do the electrons orbit?

A

Nucleus of the atom

26
Q

What are the electrons arranged in?

A

Shells

27
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?

A

2

28
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second, third, fourth and so one shells?

A

8

29
Q

When can you only add a new shell?

A

When previous shell is full

30
Q

Does the last shell in any diagram of an atom have to be full?

A

No

31
Q

If lithium had 3 electrons, what way do you write that and what is it called?

A

2, 1 (this is called the electronic structure)

32
Q

What would be the electronic structure of magnesium if it had 12 electrons?

A

2, 8, 2

33
Q

What are the observations when lithium (alkaline metal) is added to water?

A
  • fizzes across surface
  • gives off gas
  • lithium disappears
  • heat given off
34
Q

What are the observations when sodium (alkaline metal) is added to water?

A
  • fizzes across surface
  • melts into little ball
  • gives off gas
  • heat given off
35
Q

What are the observations when potassium (alkaline metal) is added to water?

A
  • fizzes across surface
  • burns with lilac flame
  • heat given off
  • gas produced
  • gets smaller then disappears
36
Q

What do Alkaline metals have to be stored with?

A

Oil because they react with water

37
Q

How soft are Alkaline metals?

A

Soft enough to be cut with a knife

38
Q

What increases as you go down the Alkaline metals group?

A

Reactivity

39
Q

Alkaline metals react with …. To form…..

A

1 Water
2 to form an alkali (hence their name) and hydrogen
E.g. Potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

40
Q

Like alkali metals, Alkaline Earth metals …… With …… To produce ….. …..

A

1 - react
2 - water
3 - hydrogen gas

41
Q

The reactions with earth Alkaline metals are less….

A

Intense than alkali metals reactions

42
Q

Alkaline earth metals also react….

A

Vigorously with oxygen

43
Q

Where are Alkaline earth metals Abundant?

A

Earths crust

44
Q

What are the elements in group 0 called?

A

The noble gases

45
Q

What are the properties of noble gases?

A
  • non metals
  • very unreactive gases
  • colourless
46
Q

What is fluorine and why do we not use it at school?

A

Yellow gas and because it’s far too dangerous

47
Q

What is chlorine?

A

Yellow-green dangerous gas

48
Q

What is chlorine mixed with?

A

Water to form a solution which is added to swimming pools

49
Q

What is Bromine?

A

Red-brown hazardous liquid

50
Q

What is Iodine?

A

Purple solid

51
Q

What is iodine dissolved in and used for?

A

Dissolved in water to form solution used for testing for starch

52
Q

What is Astatine?

A

Radioactive and very rare

53
Q

What are the observations of fluorine?

A

Pale yellow gas

54
Q

What are the observations of chlorine?

A

Yellow-green gas

55
Q

What are the observations of bromine?

A

Red-brown liquid

Year 9 Chemistry (4 decks)

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