Atomic Structure Booklet

Question 1

What does the periodic table display?

Answer 1

All the elements

Question 2

Who argued that everything in the world was made up of particles so small they could not be cut in half?

Answer 2

Democritis

Question 3

What did Democritus call the tiny things?

Answer 3

Atoms

Question 4

Particles that make up elements are known as…

Answer 4

Atoms

Question 5

What are the names of the atoms’ sub atomic particles?

Answer 5

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 6

Where is the cluster of proton and neutrons found?

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

Where do the electrons live?

Answer 7

Shells

Question 8

How are atoms organised on the periodic table?

Answer 8

By Atomic number

Question 9

How much relative charge does a proton have?

Answer 9

+1

Question 10

How much relative charge does a neutron have?

Answer 10

0

Question 11

How much relative charge does a electron have?

Answer 11

-1

Question 12

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

What is the relative mass of a electron?

Answer 14

1/1840

Question 15

Where is a proton found?

Answer 15

Nucleus

Question 16

Where is a neutron found?

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

Where is a electron found?

Answer 17

Shells orbiting nucleus

Question 18

What must an atom contain to ensure that it is neutral?

Answer 18

Equal number of protons and electrons

Question 19

Number of protons =…

Answer 19

Number of electrons

Question 20

What do the number of protons(or electrons) determine?

Answer 20

Which element it is

Question 21

What is the atomic number of the element equal to?

Answer 21

Number of protons (or electrons)

Question 22

What is the mass number?

Answer 22

Number of protons + number of neutrons in nucleus

Question 23

Therefore, the number of neutrons =…

Answer 23

Mass number - number of protons

Question 24

What is the atomic number, mass number and numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons for e.g. Calcium?

Answer 24

Atomic number = 20
Mass number = 40
Number of protons = 20
Number of neutrons = 20
Number of electrons = 20

Question 25

What do the electrons orbit?

Answer 25

Nucleus of the atom

Question 26

What are the electrons arranged in?

Answer 26

Shells

Question 27

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second, third, fourth and so one shells?

Answer 28

8

Question 29

When can you only add a new shell?

Answer 29

When previous shell is full

Question 30

Does the last shell in any diagram of an atom have to be full?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

If lithium had 3 electrons, what way do you write that and what is it called?

Answer 31

2, 1 (this is called the electronic structure)

Question 32

What would be the electronic structure of magnesium if it had 12 electrons?

Answer 32

2, 8, 2

Question 33

What are the observations when lithium (alkaline metal) is added to water?

Answer 33

- fizzes across surface - gives off gas - lithium disappears - heat given off

Question 34

What are the observations when sodium (alkaline metal) is added to water?

Answer 34

- fizzes across surface - melts into little ball - gives off gas - heat given off

Question 35

What are the observations when potassium (alkaline metal) is added to water?

Answer 35

- fizzes across surface - burns with lilac flame - heat given off - gas produced - gets smaller then disappears

Question 36

What do Alkaline metals have to be stored with?

Answer 36

Oil because they react with water

Question 37

How soft are Alkaline metals?

Answer 37

Soft enough to be cut with a knife

Question 38

What increases as you go down the Alkaline metals group?

Answer 38

Reactivity

Question 39

Alkaline metals react with .... To form.....

Answer 39

1 Water 2 to form an alkali (hence their name) and hydrogen E.g. Potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 40

Like alkali metals, Alkaline Earth metals ...... With ...... To produce ..... .....

Answer 40

1 - react 2 - water 3 - hydrogen gas

Question 41

The reactions with earth Alkaline metals are less....

Answer 41

Intense than alkali metals reactions

Question 42

Alkaline earth metals also react....

Answer 42

Vigorously with oxygen

Question 43

Where are Alkaline earth metals Abundant?

Answer 43

Earths crust

Question 44

What are the elements in group 0 called?

Answer 44

The noble gases

Question 45

What are the properties of noble gases?

Answer 45

- non metals - very unreactive gases - colourless

Question 46

What is fluorine and why do we not use it at school?

Answer 46

Yellow gas and because it's far too dangerous

Question 47

What is chlorine?

Answer 47

Yellow-green dangerous gas

Question 48

What is chlorine mixed with?

Answer 48

Water to form a solution which is added to swimming pools

Question 49

What is Bromine?

Answer 49

Red-brown hazardous liquid

Question 50

What is Iodine?

Answer 50

Purple solid

Question 51

What is iodine dissolved in and used for?

Answer 51

Dissolved in water to form solution used for testing for starch

Question 52

What is Astatine?

Answer 52

Radioactive and very rare

Question 53

What are the observations of fluorine?

Answer 53

Pale yellow gas

Question 54

What are the observations of chlorine?

Answer 54

Yellow-green gas

Question 55

What are the observations of bromine?

Answer 55

Red-brown liquid