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Chemistry Unit 1 > Atomic Structure & Bonding > Flashcards

Atomic Structure & Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

What forms positive ions?

A

Metals losing electrons

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2
Q

What forms negative ions?

A

Non-metals gaining electrons

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3
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms bonded together

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4
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more different atoms bonded together

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5
Q

What is the shape of the molecule if consists of 2 atoms?

A

Linear

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6
Q

What is the shape of the molecule if it consists of 3 atoms?

A

Angular

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7
Q

What is the shape of the molecule if it consists of 4 atoms?

A

Trigonal Pyramidal

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8
Q

What is the shape of the molecule if it consists of 5 atoms?

A

Tetrahedral

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9
Q

When is a covalent bond formed?

A

When two non-metal atoms join together

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10
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A shared pair of negative electrons between two non-metal atoms

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11
Q

What holds a covalent bond together?

A

The mutual attraction by both positive nuclei on the negative shared pair of electrons

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12
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

They contain the same number of positive protons and negative electrons so they cancel each other out

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13
Q

What are the three elements that naturally exist as covalent networks?

A

Boron, Silicon and Carbon

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14
Q

What are the two common forms of carbon?

A

Diamond and Graphite

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15
Q

What does delocalised mean?

A

Free to move

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16
Q

Why is Graphite the only covalent substance that conducts electricity?

A

The layers of carbon rings are separated by layers of delocalised electrons

17
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

18
Q

How is an ionic bond formed?

A

Between metals and non-metals

19
Q

What happens when covalent molecular substances are heated?

A

The weak forces are broken. This doesn’t require a lot of energy

20
Q

What happens when an ionic lattice is heated?

A

The electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions is broken. This takes a lot of energy

21
Q

What happens when a covalent network is heated?

A

Strong covalent bonds are broken. This takes a lot of energy

22
Q

What are the melting and boiling points of each bonding type?

A

Covalent Molecular- Low
Covalent Network- High
Ionic Lattice- High

23
Q

Which of the bonding types conducts electricity?

A

Ionic Lattices as a solution

24
Q

What does a low melting point tell you about a molecule?

A

Only weak forces of attraction are being broken

25
Q

What does a high melting point tell you about a molecule?

A

Strong bonds are being broken

26
Q

What can be said about the solubility of covalent molecular compounds?

A

They are generally soluble in non-aqueous solvents

27
Q

What can be said about the solubility of ionic substances?

A

They are generally soluble in aqueous solvents

28
Q

What can be said about the solubility of covalent network substances?

A

They are insoluble in any solvent

29
Q

What does aqueous mean?

A

Water is present

Chemistry Unit 1 (3 decks)

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