Atomic Structure: Basics Flashcards
Demonstrate knowledge of the structure and characteristics of subatomic particles and atomic theory.
What are the 3 basic subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons and electrons
What is the charge, mass and location of a proton?
+1; 1 amu; within the nucleus
What is the charge, mass and location of a neutron?
0; 1 amu; within the nucleus
What is the charge, mass and location of an electron?
-1; approximately 0 or 1/1837 amu;in energy levels/orbitals outside the nucleus
How many electrons can fill the 1st energy level?
2
How many electrons can fill the 2nd energy level?
8
How many electrons can fill the 3rd energy level?
18
How many electrons can fill the 4th energy level?
32
How are cations formed?
by losing valence electrons
How are anions formed?
by gaining valence electrons
What are cations? What type of element typically forms cations?
- cations are + ions
- metals typically form cations
What are anions? What type of element typically forms anions?
- anions are - ions
- nommetals typically form anions
Why did Rutherford say that most of the atom was empty space?
most of the positive alpha particles passed straight through the atom and were not deflected.
Why did Rutherford say that the atom had a very dense positive nucleus?
It was only very occasional that the positive alpha particles hit something else that was also positive (nucleus)
What is meant by the term kernel?
kernel refers to all the nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus and to the inner e-s. ( everything in the atom except the valence e-s)
When does an e- reach an excited state?
when it absorbs energy (heat or electricity) and jumps to a higher energy level.
When is a bright line spectrum formed?
when excited e- releases energy as it returns to the ground state, specific colors of light can be seen.
is 2e- — 6e—– 2e- an excited state or ground state configuration? What element is it?
excited; Neon
What is the symbol and charge of the element with the following: 13 p, 14 n and 10 e-?
Al +3
What is the symbol and charge of the element with the following: 35 p, 45 n and 36e-?
Br -1
What is a Lewis dot diagram?
a notation that shows the symbol of the atom with dots to represent the number of valence e-
what are isotopes?
atoms of the same element that vary in number of neutrons and thus have different atomic masses
what are nucleons?
the protons and neutrons of an atom are referred to collectively as the nucleons
what did the flame test show?
specific elements will give off specific colors of light as the excited e- release energy and return to the ground state.
why is the atomic mass of elements on the Periodic Table a number with a decimal value?
It is a weighted average of all the isotopes of that particular element.
How do you calculate the weighted average atomic mass of an element?
Multiply the (% abundance x Mass of Isotope 1) + (% abundance x Mass of Isotope 2) + etc and divide all by 100.
