Atomic structure and the periodic table

Question 1

What are all substances made from?

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What is an atom?

Answer 2

The smallest part of an element that can exist.

Question 3

What is the basic structure of the atom?

Answer 3

A central nucleus surrounded by electrons which orbit around the nucleus in rings called shells.

Question 4

What is the nucleus of an atom made up of ?

Answer 4

Two different types of particles: protons and neutrons. These are packed together in tight ball.

Question 5

Which two sub-atomic particles have the same mass?

Answer 5

Protons and neutrons. They both have a relative mass of one.

Question 6

What is the relative mass of the electron?

Answer 6

Around 2000 times smaller than protons and neutrons (very small/0)

Question 7

What is the charge of protons?

Answer 7

+1

Question 8

What is the charge of neutrons?

Answer 8

Neutral/0

Question 9

What is the charge of electrons?`

Answer 9

-1

Question 10

What does the atomic number of a nuclear symbol represent?

Answer 10

How many protons are in the element.
It can also tell you how many electrons an atom has as an atom will have the same number of protons and electrons.

Question 11

What determines what element an atom is?

Answer 11

The number of protons in the atom.

Question 12

What does the mass number of a nuclear symbol represent?

Answer 12

The total number of neutrons and protons in the atom.

Question 13

How do we find out how many neutrons an atom has?

Answer 13

The mass number of the atom minus the atomic number of the atom.

Question 14

What is the approximate radius of an atom?

Answer 14

0.1 nanometres (1 x 10^-10 metres)

Question 15

What is a nanometre (nm)?

Answer 15

One billionth of a metre; 1 x 10^-9

Question 16

What is the approximate radius of the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 16

1 x 10^-14 (around 1/10 000 the radius of the atom

Question 17

What is the overall charge of the nucleus of atoms?

Answer 17

Positive because of the protons in the nucleus.

Question 18

Where is most of the mass of the atom concentrated?

Answer 18

Almost the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

Question 19

What do electrons do?

Answer 19

They move around the nucleus in electron shells.

Question 20

What determines the size of an atom?

Answer 20

The volume of its electron’s orbits.

Question 21

Are atoms neutral?

Answer 21

Yes- they have no charge overall

Question 22

Why do atoms have a neutral charge?

Answer 22

They have the same number of protons and electrons. The charge on electrons is the same size as the charge on protons, but opposite- so the charges cancel out.

Question 23

What is an ion?

Answer 23

An atom where the number of protons doesn’t equal the number of electrons. This means the ion has an overall charge.

Question 24

What can the nuclear symbol of an atom tell you?

Answer 24

The atom’s atomic (proton) number and mass number.

Question 25

What is an element?

Answer 25

A substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus.

Question 26

Approximately how many different elements are there?

Answer 26

About 100 different elements

Question 27

What can atoms of different elements be represented by?

Answer 27

One or two letter symbols

Question 28

What are isotopes?

Answer 28

. Different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
. Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Question 29

What is relative atomic mass (Ar)?

Answer 29

An average mass of an atom of an el