Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Flashcards
Define isotope
Atoms of the same element with a different number of protons and the same number of neutrons
Why do different isotopes of the same element react in the same way?
- Neutrons have no impact on the chemical reactivity.
- Reactions involve electrons, electrons have the same number of electrons in the same arrangement.
Define atomic mass
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with one twelth the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Define relative atomic mass
The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with one twelth the mass of an atom of carbon-12
The relative atomic mass is the same as which number?
The mass number
The relative atomic mass is the same as which number?
The mass number
What are the uses of mass spectometry
-Identify unknown compounds
- Find relative abundance of each atom of each isotope of an element
- Determine structural information.
What is the m/z value
The most significant peak furthest to the right
Define orbital
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spin
How many electrons can an orbital hold
2
How many orbitals are found in the s-subshell
1
How many electrons are found in the s-subshell
2
How many orbitals does a p-subshell hold
3
How many electrons does a p-subshell hold
6
How many orbitals does a d-subshell hold
5
How many orbitals does a f-subshell hold
7
How many orbitals does a f-subshell hold
14
What are the rules by which electrons are arranged in a shell (5)
- Electrons are added one at a time
- Lowest energy level is filled first
- Each energy level must be filled before the next one can fill
- Each orbital is filled singly before pairing
- 4d is before 3d
Define periodicity
The repeating trends in chemical and physical properties
Define first ionisation energy
The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from a mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions under stanard conditions
Factors that affect first ionisation energy
- Atomic radius
- Nuclear charge
- Electron shielding or screening
Explain trend in first ionisation energy graph
- Decreases across group 3 because of:
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