Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest part of an element that can exist.
What are ions?
Charged particles formed when atoms, or groups of atoms, lose or gain electrons.
What is filtration?
A separation method that can separate an insoluble substance from a liquid, gas or solution.
Draw a diagram of filtration.
What is crystallisation?
It separates a solid solute from a solution.
What is a saturated solution?
When no more solute will dissolve in a given volume of solvent.
What is solubility?
The mass of solute in a saturated solution at a given temperature.
What is the method for crystallisation and the diagram?
- Put the solution into an evaporating basin and heat over a boiling water bath - the solution becomes more concentrated as water in the solution evaporates.
- Stop heating before all the water has evaporated. Crystals form as the solution cools down.
- Leaving the evaporating basin with its crystals on a windowsill for a few days then remove the crystals.
What does chromatography do?
Separates a mixture of colour solutes in a solution.
What is the method for chromatography?
Why must the colour be higher than the solvent in paper chromatography?
To stop it dissolving in the solvent so it does not leave the chromatography paper.
What does simple distillation do?
It separates the solvent from a solution.
What are the properties of the halogens?
Melting and boiling points increase going down the group.
They get less reactive as they go down the group.
What is produced when a halogen reacts with a metal?
A salt is produced.
