Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What charge does a proton have?

Answer 1

+1

Question 2

What charge goes a neutron have?

Answer 2

0

Question 3

What charge does an electron have?

Answer 3

-1

Question 4

Do the number of protons equal the number of electrons?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Define element

Answer 5

Where all of the atoms in a substance are the same

Question 6

Define compound

Answer 6

containing two or more elements that are chemically bonded in a fixed proportion

Question 7

Define mixture

Answer 7

Different elements or compounds not chemically bonded together

Question 8

What is the atomic number a measure of?

Answer 8

The number of protons

Question 9

What is the relative atomic mass a measure of?

Answer 9

The number of protons and neutrons

Question 10

What’s the difference between an element and an isotope of an element?

Answer 10

Isotopes have the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons

Question 11

What are the steps of paper chromatography?

Answer 11

• Draw a line near the bottom of the filter paper with pencil to avoid pen ink altering the experiment
• Add a spot of ink to the line and move/hang the sheet into a beaker solvent(make sure the ink isn’t touching the solvent as you don’t want it to dissolve)
• Place a lid on the beaker to stop the solvent evaporating
• The solvent will them see up the paper taking the ink with it
• Each different dye(colour) will move up the paper (or won’t if it’s insoluble) at a different rate
• When the solvent has nearly reached the top of the paper, take the paper out and let it dry

Question 12

What are the two phases of chromatography?

Answer 12

The mobile phase

The stationary phase

Question 13

How do you calculate the Rf value?

Answer 13

Spot distance(mm)divided by solvent distance(mm)

Question 14

What are the three GCSE separation techniques?

Answer 14

Filtration, evaporation and crystallisation

Question 15

How does filtration work?

Answer 15

You need to take a funnel and place it in a beaker. You should then place your filter paper in the funnel in a cone shape. You should then place your mixture in and allow the liquid to seep into the beaker, leaving the solid.

It separates insoluble solids from liquids

Question 16

What does soluble/insoluble mean?

Answer 16

Soluble meaning to be able to dissolve

abs insoluble meaning not being able to dissolve

Question 17

How does evaporation work?

Answer 17

You need to start by pouring your soloution into an evaporating dish which is over a bunsen burner. The solvent will evaporate and the solution will get more concentrated. Keep heating until crystals are formed.

They separate soluble salts from a solution

Question 18

How does crystallisation work?

Answer 18

You first pour the solution into an evaporating dish and gently hear the solution which will cause some of the solvent to evaporate. At this stage, crystals should start to form and you should then remove the dish from the heat and leave to cool. The salt should then start to form crystals as it becomes insoluble in the cold, highly concentrated solution. Now you should filter the crystals out the soloution