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GCSE combined science (Chemistry) > Atomic structure and the periodic table (1) > Flashcards

Atomic structure and the periodic table (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a compound?

A

A substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically combined.

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2
Q

Who created the periodic table?

A

Dimitri Mendeleev

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3
Q

What are ions?

A

An atom that has lost or gained an electron.

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4
Q

What is the subscript when an atom loses an electron?

A

+

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5
Q

What is the subscript when an atom gains an electron

A

-

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6
Q

What are reactants?

A

substances that react together in a chemical reaction

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7
Q

What are the four state symbols?

A

Solid (S) Liquid (L) Gas (G) Aqueous solution (aq)

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8
Q

What is H20(S)

A

Ice

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9
Q

What is HCL(G)

A

Hydrogen Chloride gas

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10
Q

What is the law of the conversation of mass?

A

No atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction

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11
Q

N2 + H2 = NH3

Is this a balanced equation?

A

No

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12
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A substance consisting of only one element or compound

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13
Q

What is a mixture?

A

two or more different substances, not chemically joined together

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14
Q

True or false

the components of a mixture can be separated without chemical reactions

A

True

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15
Q

What is filtration?

A

separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

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16
Q

What is crystallisation?

A
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17
Q

what is simple distillation?

A

Separating a solvent from a solution

Producing pure water from seawater e.g

18
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Separating different liquids from a mixture of liquids

19
Q

What is paper chromatography?

A

Separating mixtures of soluble substances

20
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

J J Thomson

21
Q

What is the plum pudding model of an atom?

A

A ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded within

22
Q

Who performed the gold foil experiment?

A

Rutherford

23
Q

Who created the nuclear model for an atom?

A

Rutherford

24
Q

What did the gold foil experiment prove?

A

There was space within the atom

There is a positive nucleus within

25
Q

Who discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus in shells?

A

Bohr

26
Q

Who discovered neutrons within the nucleus?

A

Chadwick

27
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

0.1nm / 1x10 (to the power of)-10 m

28
Q

what is the radius of a nucleus?

A

1 x 10 (to the power of) -14 m

29
Q

what is the relative charge of a proton, a neutron, and an electron?

A

+1, 0, -1

30
Q

what is the atomic number of an element?

A

The number of protons in it

It is always the smallest number

31
Q

how do you work out the number of neutrons in an element?

A

mass-atomic

32
Q

what are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons
different mass numbers

33
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of an atom?

A

a weighted average of the masses of the atoms of the isotopes.

34
Q

What is the formula to calculate the relative atomic mass?

A

The total mass of atoms / total number of atoms

35
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the periodic table?

A
  • For undiscovered elements

- To predict the properties of undiscovered elements

36
Q

what is the electric structure of an atom?

A

the way electrons are arranged in an atom

37
Q

properties of metals

A 
Good conductor of electricity	
Good conductor of heat	
Shiny	
High density	
Malleable	
Ductile
38
Q

properties of non metals (when solid)

A

Good conductor of electricity Poor conductor of electricity Poor conductor of heat Dull Low density Brittle

39
Q

what are the elements in group 0 known as

A

noble gases

40
Q

what common properties do all noble gases share

A

low boiling points

41
Q

what happens as you go down group 0

A
  • the atoms become larger
  • intermolecular forces between atoms become stronger
  • more energy is needed to overcome these forces

GCSE combined science (Chemistry) (5 decks)

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