Atomic Structure and the periodic table

Question 1

Alkali metals

Answer 1

The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms.

Question 3

Atomic nucleus

Answer 3

Positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it.

Question 4

Atomic number

Answer 4

The number of protons in the nucleus. For example Copper has 29

Question 5

Chromatography

Answer 5

A separation technique used to separate a mixture of chemicals by distributing the components between two phases.

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

A substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined together.

Question 7

Crystallisation

Answer 7

A separation technique used to produce solid crystals from a solution by evaporating the solvent.

Question 8

Electron

Answer 8

Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbit the nucleus at various energy
levels. Very small relative mass (negligible).

Question 9

Electron shell

Answer 9

Different energy levels in atoms occupied by electrons.

Question 10

Element

Answer 10

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

Question 11

Filtration

Answer 11

A separation technique used to separate solids from liquids.

Question 12

Fractional distillation

Answer 12

A method of separating a mixture of substances according to their different boiling points.

Question 13

Group (periodic table)

Answer 13

The columns of the periodic table represent different groups of
elements. Elements with similar properties are in the same group.

Question 14

Halogens

Answer 14

The elements in Group 7 of the periodic table.

Question 15

Ion

Answer 15

An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons

Question 16

Isotope

Answer 16

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 17

Mass number

Answer 17

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 18

Metals

Answer 18

Elements that react to form positive ions. Found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table.

Question 19

Mixture

Answer 19

A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.

Question 20

Neutron

Answer 20

Neutral subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. Relative mass of 1

Question 21

Noble gases

Answer 21

The elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.

Question 22

Non-metals

Answer 22

Elements that react to form negative ions. Found towards the right and top of the periodic table

Question 23

Nuclear model

Answer 23

The nuclear atomic model stated that the mass was concentrated at the centre of the atom and that the nucleus was charged.

Question 24

Periodic table

Answer 24

Table of elements arranged in order of atomic number and such that elements with similar properties are in the same column (group).

Question 25

Plum pudding model

Answer 25

Atomic model devised after the discovery of the electron. The model suggests the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons scattered through it

Question 26

Proton

Answer 26

Positively charged subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. Relative
mass of 1

Question 27

Relative atomic mass

Answer 27

An average value that takes account of the abundance of the isotopes of the element.

Question 28

Simple distillation

Answer 28

A procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated.

Question 29

Transition metals

Answer 29

The collection of metallic elements in the middle of the periodic table.