Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table

Question 1

Define the terms atom,element and compound

Answer 1

Atom-smallest part of a chemical element
Element -single type of atom
Compound-two or more elements chemically bonded together represented by a combination of numbers and symbols called chemical formule

Question 2

define the term mixtures

Answer 2

mixtures consist of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined,components of a mixtures retain thier properties
mixtures sepreated by a physical process do not involve chemical reactions

Question 3

describe and explain how mixtures can be seprated by physical process

Answer 3

filtration
cystallisation
simple distallition
fractional distallation
chromotography

Question 4

describe filtration

Answer 4

filtration-used to sepreate soluable solids from innsoluble solids can be sepreted by dissolving salt in water then filtering the mixture

Question 5

describe chromotography

Answer 5

is used to seprate the diffrent soluable coulored components of a mixture eg colours on fizy drink

Question 6

describe simple distallition

Answer 6

used to obtain a solvent from a solution

Question 7

fractionall distallation

Answer 7

used for mixtures with diffrent boiling points you can take thing diffrent boiling points

Question 8

how can you sum up what happend in a word equation?

Answer 8

by writting a word equation or balanced symbol equation reactants-the subtances that react are on the left hand side of the eaquation
the product-the new substance formed are on the right side of the equation

Question 9

explain how the scientific model of the atom has changed over time

Answer 9

wasnt always known that atoms had a nucleus and orbiting outiside it we used to have a plum pudding model large cloud of electrons and negetive lined doteed throughout

Question 10

Describe the experiment carried out to test the plum pudding model.

Answer 10

ruther and marsden carried out an expiriment to test thier plum pudding model this stuents drirrected a beam of alpha particles at a very thin gold leaf suspended in a vacum ,alpha particles are a form of nuclear radiation with tiny negative charged subtamic particles of electrons

Question 11

who discoverd what

Answer 11

rutherfoud- found the nucleus and proton
chadwick- discoverd the nuetrons
bohr -current model

Question 12

the periodic table

Answer 12

groups go down, the periodic table us tell us the number on the outer shell,periods go across the periodic table they relate to number of shell also number of electrons on each element

Question 13

describe of an element

Answer 13

same number of protons but diffrent number of nuetrons they have the same atomic number but diffrent mass number

Question 14

what do metals lose to gain?

Answer 14

metals lose electrons and when electrons lost the get a positive charge
+

Question 15

what do non- metals lose to gain?

Answer 15

non metals are going to gain electrons and when electrons they get a negative charge

Question 16

what do each group in the periodic table have

Answer 16

group one -alkali metals
group 2- alkali earth metals
group 3 halogens
group 8- noble gases
middel  - transition metals

Question 17

describe the newlands periodic table

Answer 17

first attempt - newland grouped things in octaves ,broke them by patterns good idea exept oxygen and iron in the same group they have diffirent properties ,arrenged them by mass didnt leave any gaps forced things to have similar properties aint work

Question 18

describe mandleev periodic table attempt

Answer 18

also arranged things by octavesbut left gaps cuase arraged thing to be similar patterns left them so he could predict the properties of elemnts to come the properties of f elements where correct so his periodic table was accepted change slightly now arranged by electrons

Question 19

what are the properties of group 0

Answer 19

full outershell, cuse of that want to lose or gain any electrons this makes them unreactive lots of use helium for ballon,neon lights

Question 20

What are the properties of group 7

Answer 20

The group 7 elements and nonmetals are known as the halogens they have seven electrons in their outer most shell

reactivity decreases down the group because the outer shell gets further away from the nucleus so it is less easy to gain an electron halogens react with metals to produce ionic salt

when this happens the halogen atom gains one electron to form a hallowed iron with a negative charge of minus one(-1)

More reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salts

Question 21

What are the properties of group 1

Answer 21

Alkali metals react violently with water this is where you see different coloured flames used to make different colours in fire works soft grey metals easily cutable need to be kept in Gil so it doesn’t react with oxygen When metals react with oxygen we get metal oxide

Question 22

Properties of transition metals

Answer 22

Transition metals are hard and shiny are good conductors transition metals can be used in jewelry,wires, are in saucepans lots of colours can be used to court statues copper blue mint colour