Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards
Define the terms atom,element and compound
Atom-smallest part of a chemical element
Element -single type of atom
Compound-two or more elements chemically bonded together represented by a combination of numbers and symbols called chemical formule
define the term mixtures
mixtures consist of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined,components of a mixtures retain thier properties
mixtures sepreated by a physical process do not involve chemical reactions
describe and explain how mixtures can be seprated by physical process
filtration cystallisation simple distallition fractional distallation chromotography
describe filtration
filtration-used to sepreate soluable solids from innsoluble solids can be sepreted by dissolving salt in water then filtering the mixture
describe chromotography
is used to seprate the diffrent soluable coulored components of a mixture eg colours on fizy drink
describe simple distallition
used to obtain a solvent from a solution
fractionall distallation
used for mixtures with diffrent boiling points you can take thing diffrent boiling points
how can you sum up what happend in a word equation?
by writting a word equation or balanced symbol equation reactants-the subtances that react are on the left hand side of the eaquation
the product-the new substance formed are on the right side of the equation
explain how the scientific model of the atom has changed over time
wasnt always known that atoms had a nucleus and orbiting outiside it we used to have a plum pudding model large cloud of electrons and negetive lined doteed throughout
Describe the experiment carried out to test the plum pudding model.
ruther and marsden carried out an expiriment to test thier plum pudding model this stuents drirrected a beam of alpha particles at a very thin gold leaf suspended in a vacum ,alpha particles are a form of nuclear radiation with tiny negative charged subtamic particles of electrons
who discoverd what
rutherfoud- found the nucleus and proton
chadwick- discoverd the nuetrons
bohr -current model
the periodic table
groups go down, the periodic table us tell us the number on the outer shell,periods go across the periodic table they relate to number of shell also number of electrons on each element
describe of an element
same number of protons but diffrent number of nuetrons they have the same atomic number but diffrent mass number
what do metals lose to gain?
metals lose electrons and when electrons lost the get a positive charge
+
what do non- metals lose to gain?
non metals are going to gain electrons and when electrons they get a negative charge
what do each group in the periodic table have
group one -alkali metals group 2- alkali earth metals group 3 halogens group 8- noble gases middel - transition metals
describe the newlands periodic table
first attempt - newland grouped things in octaves ,broke them by patterns good idea exept oxygen and iron in the same group they have diffirent properties ,arrenged them by mass didnt leave any gaps forced things to have similar properties aint work
describe mandleev periodic table attempt
also arranged things by octavesbut left gaps cuase arraged thing to be similar patterns left them so he could predict the properties of elemnts to come the properties of f elements where correct so his periodic table was accepted change slightly now arranged by electrons
what are the properties of group 0
full outershell, cuse of that want to lose or gain any electrons this makes them unreactive lots of use helium for ballon,neon lights
What are the properties of group 7
The group 7 elements and nonmetals are known as the halogens they have seven electrons in their outer most shell
reactivity decreases down the group because the outer shell gets further away from the nucleus so it is less easy to gain an electron halogens react with metals to produce ionic salt
when this happens the halogen atom gains one electron to form a hallowed iron with a negative charge of minus one(-1)
More reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salts
What are the properties of group 1
Alkali metals react violently with water this is where you see different coloured flames used to make different colours in fire works soft grey metals easily cutable need to be kept in Gil so it doesn’t react with oxygen When metals react with oxygen we get metal oxide
Properties of transition metals
Transition metals are hard and shiny are good conductors transition metals can be used in jewelry,wires, are in saucepans lots of colours can be used to court statues copper blue mint colour
