atomic structure and periodic table Flashcards
What are all substances made up of ?
atoms
What is an atoms radius ?
1 x 10⁻¹⁰ m
Where is a nucleus located ?
in the middle of the atom
What subatomic particles does the nucleus contain ?
protons and neutrons
What is the radius of a nucleus ?
1 x 10⁻¹⁴ m
What charge does a nucleus produce and why ?
+ve, because of the protons
Where is the majority of the mass in an atom located ?
in the nucleus
Give the three subatomic particles.
1) electron
2) proton
3) neutron
What is the relative mass of each subatomic particle ?
proton = 1
neutron = 1
electron = very small
what is the relative charge of each subatomic particle ?
proton = +1
electron = -1
neutron = 0
Where are electrons located in an atom ?
in orbit around the nucleus in shells.
The volume of an electrons orbit determines the ______ of an atom.
size
Are atoms neutral or charged ?
neutral
Why are atoms neutral ?
This is because they have the same number of electrons and protons so they cancel each other out.
Define what an ion is.
a charged particle
What does the nuclear symbol of an atom tell you ?
the atomic number and the mass number
What does the atomic number tell you ?
proton number and electron number
what does the mass number show you ?
the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom ?
mass number - atomic number
define what the an element is.
a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus.
What subatomic particle in an atom decides what type of atom it is ?
protons in the nucleus
Define what an isotope is.
different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Isotopes have the same atomic number but different _____ numbers
mass
compare Carbon-12 with carbon-13 in terms of subatomic particles.
carbon-12
protons = 6
electrons = 6
neutrons = 6
carbon-13
protons = 6
electrons = 6
neutrons = 7
define what relative atomic mass is.
an average mass taking into account the different masses and abundances of all the isotopes that make up an element.
How do you work out relative atomic mass ?
(equation)
sum of abundances of all the isotopes
define what a compound is.
a substance formed from two or more different elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.
What subatomic particle is involved in making bonds ?
electrons - the nuclei of an atom is not affected at all when a bond is made.
How are the original elements of a compound separated ?
through a chemical reaction
Give one observation made during a chemical reaction to separate elements from a compound and how this can be measured.
one new substance is made.
This can be measured through an energy change such as a temperature change.
Give one observation made during a chemical reaction to separate elements from a compound and how this can be measured.
one new substance is made.
This can be measured through an energy change such as a temperature change.
The properties of a compound are usually totally different from the properties of the original ______________ elements.
formula for carbon dioxide
CO₂
formula for ammonia
NH₃
formula for water
H₂O
formula for sodium chloride
NaCl
formula for carbon monoxide
CO
formula for Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Calcium chloride
CaCl₂
formula for sodium carbonate
Na₂CO₃
Formula for sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄