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Physics > Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation > Flashcards

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the atomic mass

A

number of protons + number of neutrons

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2
Q

How do you determine the element

A

By the number of protons in an atom

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3
Q

Why is an atom neutral

A

It has the same number of protons as electrons

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4
Q

What happens if an atom gains electrons

A

Becomes a negatively charged ion

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5
Q

What happens if an atom loses electrons

A

Becomes a positively charged ion

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6
Q

What is an isotope

A

An atom of the same element with different number of neutrons

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7
Q

What is a fundamental particle

A

A particle which is not known to be made up of any other particle

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8
Q

Examples of fundamental particles include:

A

Electrons
Quarks
Neutrinos

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9
Q

Relative charge of an up quark

A

+2/3

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10
Q

Relative charge of an up quark

A

-1/3

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11
Q

Quark composition of a proton:

A

UUD (+2/3, +2/3, -1/3 = +1)

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12
Q

Quark composition of a neutron:

A

UDD (+2/3, -1/3,-1/3 =0)

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13
Q

What is matter

A

A word used to describe anything with a mass in the universe

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14
Q

What is antimatter

A

Matter with the same mass, but with the opposite charge to which it has normally

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15
Q

What happens when matter and anti-matter collide

A

All of the mass is converted into energy which is given out in the form of gamma rays. This is called anihilation

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16
Q

Why is momentum conserved

A

As the gamma rays are emitted in opposite directions

17
Q

For an object in steady circular motion:

A

The speed is constant
The velocity is changing because the direction of motion is changing
The change in direction of motion is caused by the centripetal force

18
Q

What does the centripetal force do

A

Acts towards the centre of the circle (or part of the circle) preventing the object continuing in a straight line

19
Q

Particle accelerators can do many things, such as:

A

Collide particles to break them into smaller ones
Add or remove nucleons from atoms nucleus to make it unstable and radioactive
Collide matter and antimatter so they annihilate

20
Q

What causes the inwards centripetal force

A

A magnetic field

21
Q

Some particle accelerators are…

A

Circular

22
Q

What does the circular path allow

A

The particle to be accelerated faster and faster on each cycle

23
Q

The faster the particle the more…

A

kinetic energy it will have

Physics (6 decks)

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