Atomic Structure and Elements Flashcards
What do atoms consist of?
Electrons surrounding a nucleus that contains protons.
What is the difference between neutrons and protons and electrons?
Neutrons are neutral but protons are electrically charged.
What is the relative charge of protons?
+1
What is the relative charge of electrons?
-1
What are all substances made of?
Tiny particles called atoms.
What is an element?
A substance that is made of only one sort of atom.
Roughly how many different elements are there?
100
Where are elements shown?
Periodic Table
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
Periods
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
Groups
Where are the metals and non-metals shown on the periodic table?
Metals are shown to the left, non-metals are shown to the right.
Why do atoms have no electrical charge?
The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons in it’s nucleus.
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons it contains.
What is the mass number?
The total number of protons and neutrons it contains.
A chlorine atom has 17 protons, how many electrons does it have?
17
What will you never find in the periodic table?
A compound because a compound is made up of 2 elements.
What are group 1 elements and where can they be found?
They are found on the left hand side of the periodic table and they are called alkali metals because they form alkaline compounds.
What are Lithium, Sodium and Potassium?
Group 1 metals.
What happens when Lithium, Sodium and Potassium react with water?
They react vigorously with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen.
Why do group 1 elements need to be stored under oil?
To stop them reacting with oxygen and water vapour in the air.
What happens when Lithium, Sodium and Potassium are cut with a blade?
The shiny, silvery surface reacts when oxygen and shortly after turns dull.
What does Lithium burn with?
A red flame.
What does Sodium burn with?
A yellow-orange flame.
What does Potassium burn with?
A lilac flame.
How are compounds formed?
When atoms from different elements combine.
What happens when compounds are formed?
Chemical bonds form which allows atoms to transfer or share electrons.
Give an example of a compound.
Iron sulfide. (Iron and Sulfur)
What do compounds that consist of metals and non-metals contain?
Ions.
What are ions?
Charged particles
How do ions form?
Metal atoms lose electrons to form positively charged ions.
Non-metals gain electrons to form negatively charged ions.
What is Ionic Bonding?
Compounds formed between metals and non-metals.
What is Covalent Bonding?
Compounds formed only between non-metals.
What do compounds formed by non-metals consist of?
Molecules
How are the atoms in a molecule joined together?
Covalent bonds
How do covalent bonds form?
When atoms share pairs of electrons.
What do balanced symbol equations show?
What happens to different atoms in reactions.
Explain the role of each of the words in this word equation of a reaction.
copper + oxygen → copper oxide
Copper and oxygen are the reactants because they are on the left of the arrow.
Copper oxide is the product because it is on the right of the arrow.
Is Cu + O2 → CuO a balanced or unbalanced equation?
Unbalanced.
How can we make Cu + O2 → CuO a balanced equation?
Balance the number of units in some of the substances. 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO
What should you never do to balance an equation?
Change the chemical formula.
What doesn’t happen during a chemical reaction?
Atoms are made or lost.
What does it mean when no atoms are lost or made during a reaction?
The mass is always conserved. This means that the total mass of the products after the reaction is the same as the total mass of the reactants at the start.
How do we work out the mass of a substance?
Add together the masses of all the reactants or subtract the masses of the reactants know from the total mass of all the reactants.
