Atomic Structure and Electrons Flashcards
What is the charge and mass of protons, electrons and neutrons?
Protons charge is +1 and mass is 1
Electrons charge is -1 and mass is 1/2000
Neutrons charge is 0 and mass is 1
Definition of isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
Definition of atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus.
Definition of mass number?
Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Why do isotopes react in the same way?
As the way in which an element reacts depends on the number of electrons they have in the outer shell. (Neutrons have no effects on reactivity)
Definition of relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 th of the mass of an atom of carbon - 12.
Definition of relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon - 12.
What does a mass spectrum show?
1) the number of naturally occurring isotopes present in an element ( number of peaks present in the spectrum)
2) relative abundance of each isotope in the sample ( shown by the peak height)
Max number of electrons aloud in each shell?
1st = 2
2nd = 8
3rd = 18
4th = 32
Definition of orbital?
An atomic orbital is a region within an atom that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins.
How many electrons can an orbital hold?
Maximum of 2
What is a sub shell?
Is a group of the same type of atomic orbital within a shell.
What is the shape of s-orbital?
Spherical shape ( always alone)
What’s is the shape of p-orbital?
Dumb-bell shape
What is the maximum number of electrons in each sub-shell?
S = 2
P = 6
D = 10
F = 14
