Atomic Structure/Amount of Substance Flashcards
Relative mass of electron
0.0005 or 1/2000
Mass number
total number of nucleons (neutrons and protons)
Suggest points to consider when interpreting electron impact mass spectrum
- greatest m/z value (of relatively high abundance) is from molecular ion and its m/z value gives relative molecular mass
- exactly half m/z value could be 2+ ion, e.g. Cu+ (63 m/z) and Cu2+ (31.5 m/z)
- ions slightly greater than greatest m/z value are due to molecular ions with 2H or 13C
Suggest points to consider when interpreting electrospray ionisation mass spectrum
- greatest m/z value (of relatively high abundance) is from molecular ion and its relative molecular mass is m/z minus 1
- always MINUS 1 from m/z to account for proton
- ions slightly greater than greatest m/z value are due to molecular ions with 2H or 13C
Explain Cu and Cr electron configuration
copper - [Ar] 3d104s1
chromium - [Ar]3d54s1
- completely filled and half-filled subshells are more stable than partially filled ones
- electron from 4s orbital becomes excited and rises to 3d orbital
Describe process of electron impact/electrospray ToF mass spectrometry
- sample vaporised and fired at by high speed electrons with electron gun
- removes electrons from each particle to form ions with a single positive charge
OR - sample dissolved in volatile solvent and injected through hypodermic needle attached to positive terminal of high voltage s]power supply
- particles gain proton to form ions with a single positive charge
- acceleration by electric field so particles have same kinetic energy but different velocity depending on mass
- positive ions travel through a hole in a negatively charged plate into flight tube where time taken to hit detector is measured
- positive ions gain electrons when they hit negatively charged detector plate
- size of current gives measure of abundance of ion hitting plate
Give reasons why atoms are put into certain blocks
- last electron found in that subshell
- highest energy subshell
Reason isotopes have the same chemical properties
same electron arrangement
Atomic number
number of protons in an element
Suggest why relative atomic mass calculated differs from the value in the Periodic Table
Periodic Table takes into account other isotopes/different amounts of isotopes
Suggest what information can be obtained from a mass spectrometer
- m/z (relative isotopic mass)
- relative abundance of isotopes
Factors affecting ionisation energy
- nuclear charge
- shielding
- atomic radius
- whether electron is removed from neutral or charged species
What do electron arrows in orbitals represent
represent clockwise and anti-clockwise spin
Suggest why electrons in 2p sublevels have a higher energy than in 2s sublevels
further from nucleus so so more shielding
Explain why first ionisation energy of helium is very large
electron is not shielded from nucleus