Atomic Structure ADVANCED Flashcards
subshell types
s, p, d, f
s electrons
2
p electrons
6
d electrons
10
f electrons
14
l value: s
0
l value: p
1
l value: d
2
l value: f
3
4 quantum numbers
n, l, ml, ms
spin number
m(s) = +1/2 or -1/2 based on direction of final electron
angular momentum quantum number
l = # nodal planes
principle quantum number
n = shell #
magnetic quantum number
m(l) = orientation in space of orbital
ionization energy
energy needed to remove electron from atom (decreases as you go down a column because elements are becoming larger and less energy is needed to remove an electron that is farther away from the attracting nucleus. Increases as you go left to right across a row because more energy is needed to remove an electron that is being attracted by a greater nuclear charge)
electronegativity
attraction atom has for its outer shell electrons (decreases as you go down a column because elements are becoming larger and has less attraction for electron that is farther away from the attracting nucleus. Increases as you go left to right across a row because great nuclear charge means atoms more attracted to nucleus)
atomic size
distance from center of nucleus to outer shell of atom (increases as go down a column because elements have outer shells that are farther away from the nucleus. decreases as you go left to right across a row because the outer shell is being attracted by a greater nuclear charge so size of overall atom smaller)
Effusion
process by which a gas escapes through a small opening into a vacuum
s orbitals
1
p orbitals
3
d orbitals
5
f orbitals
7
amplitude
maximum displacement of a particle at a peak or trough of transverse wave
wavelength (λ)
distance between a point on the wave and the same point in the next cycle of the wave (i.e. trough to trough or peak to peak)
wave frequency (v)
number of crests that pass a given point within one second - measured in Hz (1 Hz = 1 wave/sec)
wave period (p)
time it takes for one cycle to pass
wave speed (c)
constant, = frequency x wavelength
