Atomic Structure

Question 1

Protons

Answer 1

charge = +1, mass = 1

Question 2

Neutrons

Answer 2

Charge = 0, mass = 1

Question 3

Electrons

Answer 3

charge = -1, mass = 0

Question 4

To maintain a charge balance..

Answer 4

…the number of electrons equals the number of protons

Question 5

Number of Protons =

Answer 5

Atomic number

Question 6

Number of neutrons =

Answer 6

mass number - number of protons

Question 7

number of electrons =

Answer 7

number of protons

Question 8

drawing a diag = # of protons and neutrons in the center…

Answer 8

electrons on outer ring, first ring contains only 2, 8 electrons on each ring after

Question 9

Isotope has..

Answer 9

of an element has the same atomic # (#protons), but different atomic mass.

Question 10

hydrogen has three main isotopes:

Answer 10

hydrogen (protium), deuterium, and tritium

Question 11

Protium (symbol H) has a natural abundance of 99.985%

Answer 11

this is the most common isotope. atomic mass = 1

Question 12

Deuterium (symbol = D) has a natural abundance of 0.015%

Answer 12

this isotope is present in “heavy water” or D2O, commonly used as a neutron barrier in nuclear reactors. not radioactive. Atomic mass = 2

Question 13

Tritium (symbol = T) not naturally occuring, radioactive

Answer 13

used to radioactively label DNA for drug and immunological studies. Atomic Mass = 3

Question 14

once the atomic weights and the natural abundances are taken into account, the atomic mass for all hydrogen isotopes =

Answer 14

1.008

Question 15

Protium =

Answer 15

1p, 0n, 1e

Question 16

Tritium =

Answer 16

1p, 2n, 1e

Question 16

Tritium

Answer 16

.

Question 17

Matter exists in three physical states:

Answer 17

Solid, liquid, and gas

Question 18

Elements

Answer 18

Consists solely of one element from the Periodic Chart. Ex lead, sodium, and helium

Question 19

Compounds

Answer 19

Consists of chemically bonded elements. Ex salt (NaCl)

Question 20

Mixtures consist of two or more elements and/or compounds mixed together, but not chemically bonded

Answer 20

Heterogenous mixture- ex particle board, sand chicken noodle soup.

Homogenous -mixtures are so thoroughly mixed that no other components can be identified.

Question 21

Chemical changes

Answer 21

Involve the breaking of chemical bonds and forming of new chemical bonds and are (typically) unable to be reversed

Question 22

Physical changes

Answer 22

Changes that do not break chemical bonds. Do not affect chemical structure and are typically able to be reversed. Ex boiled water, sugar dissolved in water

Question 23

Valence electrons

Answer 23

Are in the outermost shell

Question 25

The number of valence electrons can be obtained by diagramming the atom …or

Answer 25

…by looking at the Roman numeral above the group that contains the element

Question 26

The Octet Rule

Answer 26

states that elements will lose, gain or share electrons to obtain a full outer shell.