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GCSE Chemistry Basics for A Level > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the term atom

A

The smallest part an element that can exist

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2
Q

Define the term element

A

One of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances

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3
Q

Define the term compound

A

A substance formed from two or more different elements, chemically combined, in fixed proportions

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4
Q

Name the three fundamental particles of an atom

A

Proton, neutron, electron

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5
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?

A

mass = 1, charge +1

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6
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?

A

mass = 1, charge = 0

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7
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?

A

mass negligible (1/1800), charge = -1

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8
Q

In an atom, what is the ratio of protons to electrons?

A

1:1

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9
Q

Define atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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10
Q

Define mass number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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11
Q

Define isotope

A

A chemically identical atom, with the same atomic number but a different mass number

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12
Q

In what order are elements listed in a modern periodic table?

A

Atomic number

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13
Q

What is a periodic table group?

A

A vertical group of elements with similar chemical properties

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14
Q

What is a periodic table period?

A

A row across the periodic table

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15
Q

What information about electrons can be gained from group number?

A

Number of electrons in the outer shell

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16
Q

What information about electrons can be gained from period number?

A

Number of shells of electrons

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17
Q

If an atom forms a positive ion what happens?

A

One or more electrons is lost, up to a maximum of 3

18
Q

If an atom forms a negative ion what happens?

A

One or more electrons is gained, up to a maximum of 3

19
Q

What happens to atomic number and mass number when a positive or negative ion is formed?

A

Neither change

20
Q

Why do isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?

A

There electronic structures are identical, so they have the same number of outer electrons

21
Q

If an element is in group 7, period 2, what is its electron configuration in 2,8,8,8 format? Which element is it?

A

2,7 Fluorine, F (not flourine!)

22
Q

If an element is in Group 1, period 4, what is its electron configuration in 2,8,8,8 format? Which element is it?

A

2,8,8,1 potassium, K

23
Q

If an element is in group 2, period 3 forms a +2 ion, what is its electron configuration in 2,8,8,8 format? Which element is it formed from?

A

2,8 magnesium, so forms Mg2+

24
Q

If an element in group 5, period 2 forms a -3 ion, what is its electron configuration in 2,8,8,8 format? Which element is it formed from?

A

2,8 phosphorus, so forms P3-

25
Q

The ions Mg2+ and P3- are isoelectronic, what does this mean?

A

They have the same electron configuration

26
Q

Why do the isoelectronic ions Cl- and Na+ not have the same chemical properties?

A

Their atomic number, and hence number of protons is different.

27
Q

Element Q forms a sulphate with formula QSO4. What is the electronic configuration of Q using the 2,8,8,8 format?

A

2,8,2

28
Q

What is the charge? Nitrate

A

NO3-

29
Q

What is the charge? sulphate

A

SO42-

30
Q

What is the charge? carbonate

A

CO32-

31
Q

What is the charge? ammonium

A

NH4+

32
Q

What is the charge? phosphate

A

PO32-

33
Q

What is the formula of iron(III) chloride?

A

FeCl3

34
Q

What is the formula of ammonium phosphate?

A

(NH4)3 PO3

35
Q

Show the numbers of sub-atomic particles in a K+ ion

A

18e, 19p, 22n

36
Q

What are the numbers of neutrons and electrons in the 57Fe2+ ion?

A

31n, 24e

37
Q

How many neutrons does H+ have

A

0

38
Q

Element R is in period 3, it forms a carbonate with the formula R2(CO3)3. What is the electronic configuration of Q using the 2,8,8,8 format? Which element is it?

A

2.8.3 aluminium

39
Q

Element T is in period 4, it forms an ammonium salt with the formula NH4T.What is the electronic configuration of Q using the 2,8,8,8 format? Which element is it?

A

2,8,8,7 bromine

40
Q

Element X is in period 3, it forms an ammonium salt with the formula (NH4)2 X. What is the electronic configuration of Q using the 2,8,8,8 format? Which element is it?

A

2,8,6 sulphur

GCSE Chemistry Basics for A Level (11 decks)

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