Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is the charge of proton?

Answer 1

e = 1.6 x 10^-19 C

Question 2

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 2

one atomic mass unit (amu)

Question 3

What is the atomic number?

Answer 3

(Z) number of protons, at top of element box

Question 4

What is the mass number?

Answer 4

A - number of protons plus neutrons

Question 5

What are isotopes?

Answer 5

atoms that share an atomic number but have different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element, differ in the number of neutrons

Question 6

What is the mass of an electron compared to a proton?

Answer 6

about 1/2000 of that of the proton

Question 7

What are valence electrons?

Answer 7

electrons in the outermost shell and can participate in bonds and most easily removed, “active”

Question 8

What is a positively charged atom called?

Answer 8

cation

Question 9

What is a negatively charged atom called?

Answer 9

anion

Question 10

What is atomic mass?

Answer 10

also known as mass number, is the sum of protons and neutrons

Question 11

What is atomic weight?

Answer 11

the weighted average of these different isotopes

Question 12

What is Avogadro’s number?

Answer 12

Na = 6.02 x 10^23

Question 13

What is Planck relation?

Answer 13

E = hf
h = Plank's constant
f = frequency of radiation

Question 14

What is Planck’s constant?

Answer 14

6.626x10-34 Js

Question 15

What is the equation for angular momentum of electron orbiting a hydrogen nucleus?

Answer 15

L = nh/2pi
n = principal quantum number
h = Planck's constant

Question 16

What is the equation for the energy of the electron?

Answer 16

E = -(Rh/n^2)
Rh = Rydberg unit of energy

Question 17

What is Rydberg unit of energy?

Answer 17

2.18x10^18 J/electron

Question 18

What is ground state?

Answer 18

atom is the state of lowest energy, in which all electrons are in the lowest possible orbits

Question 19

What is excited state?

Answer 19

when at least one electron has moved to a subshell of higher than normal energy

Question 20

Equation for electromagnetic energy of photons?

Answer 20

E = hc/lambda
h = plancks constant
c= speed of light in vacuum
lambda = wavelength of radiation

Question 21

What is the value of c?

Answer 21

3.00 x 10^8 m/s - speed of light in a vacuum

Question 22

What is the line spectrum?

Answer 22

each line on the emission spectrum corresponds to a specific electron transition

Question 23

What is the atomic emission spectrum?

Answer 23

energy emitted from excited to ground state is exactly equal to the energy difference between the two levels - unique for every element

Question 24

What is Lyman series?

Answer 24

group of hydrogen emission lines corresponding to transitions from energy levels n>= 2 to n= 1

Question 25

What is the Balmer series?

Answer 25

group of hydrogen emission lines corresponding to transitions from energy levels n>= 3 to n=2

Question 26

What is the Paschen series?

Answer 26

group of hydrogen emission lines corresponding to transitions from energy levels n>= 4 to n=3

Question 27

What is an absorption spectrum?

Answer 27

exciting the electrons of a specific element results in energy absorption at specific wavelengths

Question 28

Difference between Bohr's model of the atom and the modern quantum mechanical model?

Answer 28

Bohr believed that electrons followed a clearly defined circular pathway or orbit at a fixed distance while the modern theory knows that electrons move rapidly and are within regions of space around the nucleus

Question 29

What is an orbital?

Answer 29

regions of space around the nucleus

Question 30

What is the Heisenberg uncertainty Principle?

Answer 30

It is impossible to simultaneously determine, with perfect accuracy, the momentum and the position of an electron

Question 31

What is the Pauli exclusion principle?

Answer 31

no two electrons in a given atom can possess the same set of four quantum numbers

Question 32

What are the quantum numbers?

Answer 32

Principal (n) Azimuthal/Angular momentum (l) Magnetic Quantum Number (ml) Spin Quantum Number (ms)

Question 33

What is the principal quantum number?

Answer 33

n designates the principal electron shell - or the number of shells around the nucleus? max number of e- within a shell = 2n^2

Question 34

What is the angular momentum quantum number?

Answer 34

l - shape and number of subshells l = n- 1 Max number of e- within a subshell = 4l+7

Question 35

What is the magnetic quantum number?

Answer 35

ml a particular orbital within a subshell where an e- is most likely to be found at a given moment in time -orbitals hold max 2e- ml = -1 to +1

Question 36

What is the spin quantum number?

Answer 36

ms | only two spin designations - +1/2 or -1/2

Question 37

Electron configuration

Answer 37

the pattern by which subshells are filled, as well as the number of electrons within each principal energy level and subshell

Question 38

Spectroscopic notation

Answer 38

first number - denotes principle energy level letter - designates the subshell superscript - gives # of e- in the subshell

Question 39

What is Aufbau principle?

Answer 39

electrons fill from lower-to-higher energy subshells and each subshell is completely filled before electrons begin entering the next one

Question 40

What is the n+l rule?

Answer 40

the lower of the sum of the values of the first and second quantum numbers, n+l, the lower the energy of the subshell

Question 41

What does s equal?

Answer 41

l = 0

Question 42

What does d equal?

Answer 42

l =2

Question 43

What does p equal?

Answer 43

l = 1

Question 44

What does f equal?

Answer 44

l = 3

Question 45

What is Hund's rule?

Answer 45

in subshells that contain more than one orbital will fill such that there is a maximum number of half-filled orbitals with parallel spins. half-filled and fully filled orbitals have lower energies and are more stable

Question 46

What are two elements with exceptions to electron configuration?

Answer 46

chromium and copper

Question 47

Paramagnetic

Answer 47

Atom or substance containing unpaired electrons and is consequently attracted by a magnet.

Question 48

Diamagnetic

Answer 48

materials consisting of atoms that have only paired electrons will be slightly repelled