Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is filtration

Answer 1

Used to separate an insoluble solid and a liquid

Eg
Sand and water

Question 2

What is crystallisation

Answer 2

A method of separating a soluble solid and a solvent

Eg
Copper sulphate and water

Question 3

What is distillation

Answer 3

Used to separate liquids with different boiling points or a solvent from a solute

Eg
Alcohol dissolved in water
Or
Pure water from salty water

Question 4

What is fractional distillation

Answer 4

Can be used to separate a mixture of several liquids with different boiling points

Eg
Separating fractions from crude oil

Question 5

What was the plum pudding model and who created it

Answer 5

J.J Thompson

He discovered the electron
He thought that an atom was a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in them

Question 6

What was the gold foil experiment

Answer 6

They though that in an atom there would be electrons scattered throughout and they thought the path of a positive alpha particle would be straight through the atom however they figured out that there was dense in the middle because some particles went straight through but some deflected

Question 7

What did Niels Bohr discover

Answer 7

He adapted the nuclear model by suggesting that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

Question 8

What did james Chadwick discover

Answer 8

The neutron

Question 9

What is the size of the radius of an atom

Answer 9

0.1 nanometers

Question 10

What is the size of the radius of the nucleus

Answer 10

1/1009 of the the atom

Question 11

What are isotopes

Answer 11

Different forms of the same element they have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

Question 12

Who was Dmitri Mendeleev

Answer 12

In 1869 he devised a table which formed the basics of the modern periodic table
He realised that some elements were yet to be discovered and so he left gaps for them
He did not follow the atomic mass order strictly he swapped things to fit with other groups
His table was correct because many of his predictions about undiscovered elements were proved correct

Question 13

What ions do metals form

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

What ions do non metals form

Answer 14

Negative

Question 15

Group 0

Noble gassed

Answer 15

Colourless
Interactive
Boiling points increase as you go down the group
The outer shell is full of electrons do the noble gassed do not react easy
Most noble gassed have one atom

Question 16

What’s it called when you have one atom

Answer 16

Monatomic

Question 17

Some examples of noble gasses

Answer 17

Helium
Argon
Neon

Question 18

Group 1

Alkali metals

Answer 18

Have one electron in the outer shell
Lose the other electron easily to form a positive ion
More reactive the further you go down

Question 19

Examples of alkali metals

Answer 19

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium

Question 20

Group 7

Halogens

Answer 20

Have 7 electrons in the other shell
Non metals and consist of molecules made up of pairs of atoms
To become ions they must gain an electron
Becomes less reactive as they go down

Question 21

Ionic bonding

Answer 21

When atoms form chemical bonds by transferring electrons they form ions
Atoms that lose electrons (metals) become positively charged ions
Atoms that gain electrons (non metals) become negatively charged ions

Ionic bonding occur between a metal and a non metal

Question 22

What is covalent bonding

Answer 22

Occurs between non metals to achieve a full other shell of electrons are shared instead of donated and received