Atomic Structure

Question 1

Define Relative Isotopic Mass

Answer 1

mass of an atom of an isotope relative to 1/12th mass of an atom of C-12

Question 2

Define Atomic Mass

Answer 2

average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 mass of an atom of C-12

Question 3

Define Molecular Mass

Answer 3

sum of the average masses of the elements in their natural abundance relative to 1/12th of C-12

Question 4

5 Steps of Mass Spectrometry

Answer 4

1 Vaporisation
2 Ionisation
3 Acceleration
4 Detection
5 Analysis

Question 5

Define Atomic Orbital

Answer 5

region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins

region in space where there is a high chance of finding an electron

make up shells

s, p, d, f

Question 6

s- block

Answer 6

Group 1, 2 and He

1 orbital, 2 electrons max

Question 7

d- block

Answer 7

Transitional metals

5 orbitals, 10 electrons max

Question 8

p- block

Answer 8

Right side elements

3 orbitals, 6 electrons max

Question 9

f- block

Answer 9

Lanthanides and Actinides

7 orbitals, 14 electrons max

Question 10

Electron Configuration

Answer 10

1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f
6s 6p 6d 
7s 7p

Question 11

Iconic Properties and Reasons

Answer 11

High mp/ bp - strong electrostatic forces between cations and anions
Conducts when molten/ dissolved but not solid - as ions are free to move rather than highly packed an pd immobile
Brittle - if force is applied then same charges come into contact with each other and repels
Strong
Dissolves in water

Question 12

Metallic Properties and Reasons

Answer 12

High mp/ bp - strong electrostatic forces between positive metal ion and sea of delocalised electrons
Conducts electricity - as electrons are free to move
Malleable and ductile - regular structure makes layers which can slide over one another
Strong
Doesn’t dissolve in water

Question 13

Giant Covalent Properties and Reasons

Answer 13

High mp/ bp - each C bonded to 4 other C with covalent bonds in the lattice which are very strong so a lot of energy is needed to overcome them
ONLY graphite conducts - as all electrons are in covalent bonds so no mobile electrons/ ions
Strong
Never dissolves in water

Question 14

Simple Molecular Properties and Reasons

Answer 14

Low mp/ bp- weak intermolecular bonds are easy to break
Never conducts - no free ions/ electrons
Weak
Sometimes dissolves in water