Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

Everything is made up of atoms

An atom has a central nucleus composed of protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting around it.

Question 2

What is an atom made out of?

Answer 2

• Central nucleus made of protons and neutrons

* Electrons orbiting in shells around the nucleus

Question 3

Protons mass and charge

Answer 3

Mass - 1

Charge - +1

Question 4

Neutrons mass and charge

Answer 4

Mass - 1

Charge - 0

Question 5

Electrons mass and charge

Answer 5

Mass - 0

Charge - -1

Question 6

Atomic number/ proton number

Answer 6

Number of protons

Question 7

Mass number

Answer 7

Protons and neutrons

Electrons are weightless

Question 8

Do atoms have an overall charge

Answer 8

No, unless it’s an ion

Question 9

How many electrons can there be on each ring

Answer 9

First ring - 2

The rest - 8

Question 10

What are isotopes?

Answer 10

Different versions of the same element.
The same amount of protons
Different amount of neutrons

Question 11

How can you write in isotope notation

Eg. Carbon 12

Answer 11

Carbon 12 - 12 < - mass number
C
6. < - atomic number

Question 12

What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 12

Ar

The weighted average of the masses of different isotopes of an element - taking the abundance into account

Question 13

What is the formula for Ar

Answer 13

Ar = (mass x abundance) + (mass x abundance)
————————————————————-
100

Question 14

What is the relative atomic mass of
Chlorine35 (75% of the time)
and
Chlorine37 (25% of the time)

Answer 14

Ar = (35x75) + (37x25)
——————————
100

Question 15

What is the relative formula mass?

Answer 15

Sum of the Relative Atomic Masses in a formula
Eg
H2O
H=1
1x2=2
O=16
16 + 2 = 18

Question 16

What gives an atom it’s chemical properties?

Answer 16

The electrons

Question 17

What is an ion?

Answer 17

When electrons are added or removed and the atom becomes charged.

Question 18

What is a molecule?

Answer 18

Atoms joining together

Can be made up from more than 1 element

Question 19

Why do noble gases not react vigorously?

Answer 19

They have a full outer shell and so don’t have the need to form chemical bonds.

Question 20

What is it called when you subtract electrons and make the atom a positive charge

Answer 20

A Cation

Question 21

What is it called when you add electrons and make the atom negatively charged

Answer 21

An anion

Question 22

Define ductile

Answer 22

Able to be deformed without losing toughness

Question 23

Define malleable

Answer 23

Able to be pressed/ hammered into shape without breaking

Question 24

Define sonorous

Answer 24

Producing a deep sound

Question 25

Define high in density

Answer 25

Quantity of mass per unit volume

Question 26

Metals that have a low density

Answer 26

Alkali metals

Lithium

Question 27

Other physical features of a metal

Answer 27

High melting point

Lustrous (shiny)

Question 28

Physical features of a non metal

Answer 28

Dull
Not sonorous
Poor conductors

Question 29

How can the chemical properties of metals and non metals be used to tell them apart

Answer 29

Non metals:
Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell
Readily gain or share valence electrons

Metals:
Have 1-3 electrons in the outer shell
Lose electrons easily