atomic structure

Question 1

e (unit of charge)`

Answer 1

1.6E-19

Question 2

atomic mass unit (amu)`

Answer 2

PROTONS have an atomic mass of one of these

Question 3

atomic # (Z)

Answer 3

equal to the number of protons found in an atom of that element

the number on top of the element on the periodic table

Question 4

mass # (A)

atomic mass

Answer 4

sum of the protons and the neutrons in the atoms nuc

Question 5

isotopes

Answer 5

atoms that share an atomic #, but diff mass #, written as (^A vZ) X

Question 6

atomic wieght

Answer 6

weighted average of the elements different isotopes and is reported below the element of the periodic table

Question 7

Avogadro’s number, NA

Answer 7

6.02E23 molecules/mol

Question 8

quanta

Answer 8

discrete bundles in which energy emitted as electromagnetic radiation from matter comes in

Question 9

the energy of a quantum, given by PLANCK RELATION

Answer 9

E=hf

h- plancks constant 6.626E-34
f- frequency of the radiation

Question 10

plancks constant, h

Answer 10

6.626E-34 Js

Question 11

angular momentum equation

Answer 11

L=mvr

Question 12

genetic energy equation

Answer 12

K=(0.5) m(v^2)

Question 13

angular momentum of an electron orbiting a hydrogen nucleus

Answer 13

L=(nh)/(2 (pi))

n- principle quantum number (the electron shell #)
h- plancks constant 6.626E-34 Js

Question 14

energy of the electron

Answer 14

E= -(RH)/(n^2)

RH- Rydberg unit of energy= 2.18E-18 J/electron
n- principle quantum number (the electron shell #)

Question 15

RH

Rydberg unit of energy

Answer 15

2.18E-18 J/electron

Question 16

excited state

Answer 16

when at least one electron has moved to a sub shell of higher than normal energy

Question 17

photons

Answer 17

discrete amount of every that are emitted when electrons return rapidly o the ground state since the lifetime of an excited state is brief

Question 18

electromagnetic energy of photons

Answer 18

E= (hc)/(λ)

h- plancks constant 6.626E-34 Js
c- speed of light in a vacuum- 3E8 m/s
λ - wavelength of the radiation

its just a combo of E=hf and c=fλ

Question 19

speed of light in a vacuum (c)

Answer 19

3E8 m/s

Question 20

line spectrum

Answer 20

each line on the emission spectrum corresponds to a specific electron transition

Question 21

atomic emission spectrum

Answer 21

each element has this, and it can be used as a fingerprint for the elemnt

Question 22

Lyman series

Answer 22

the group of H emission lines corresponding to transition from energy level n>=2 to n=1

includes larger energy transitions than the Balmer series, so it has shorter photon wavelengths in th eUV region of the electromagnetic spectrum

Question 23

Balmer series

Answer 23

the group corresponding to transition f from energy levels n>=3 to n=2

Question 24

Paschen series

Answer 24

corresponds tot transitions form n>=4 to n=3

Question 25

E=hc/λ = -(RH) ( (1/ni^2) -(1/nf^2) )

this is a combo of Bohn and Planks calcs, and it really only says

Answer 25

the energy fo the emitted photon corresponds to the difference in energy btwn the higher energy initial state and the lower energy final state

Question 26

absorption spectrum

Answer 26

unique to each element

wavelengths on this spectrum correspond exactly to the wavelengths of emssion

Question 27

orbitals

Answer 27

regions of space around the nucleus in which electrons are localized and where they move rapidly

Question 28

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 28

it is impossible to simultaneously determine, with perfect accuracy, the momentum and the position of an electron

Question 29

modern atomic theory

Answer 29

postulates that nay electron in an atom can be completely described by 4 quantum #s: n, l, ml, and ms

Question 30

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 30

no two electrons in a given atom can posses the same set of four quantum numbers

Question 31

energy state of an electron

Answer 31

position and energy of an electron described by its quantum numbers

Question 32

quantum #s

Answer 32

n, l, ml, and ms

give info act the size, shape, and orientation fo the orbitals

Question 33

principle quantum #

Answer 33

n

any positive integer vale

the larger the value of n, the higher the energy level and radium of the electrons shell

max # of electrons within a shell: 2n^2

Question 34

azimuthal quantum #

Answer 34

l (L)

azimuthal (angular momentum) quantum #

refers to the shape and number of subshells within a given principle energy lvl (shell)

value of n limits value of l: for any given value of n, th orang elf possible value for l is 0 to (n-1)

Question 35

spectroscopic notations

Answer 35

refers to the shorthand representation fo the principal and azimuthal numbers

s, p, d, f

l=0=s
l=1=p
l=2=d
l=3=f

max # of electrons within a subshel= 4l+2

Question 36

magnetic quantum number

Answer 36

ml

specifies the particular orbital within the sub shell where an electron is most likely to be found at a given moment in time

possible values between -l and +l

Question 37

spin quantum number

Answer 37

ms

the electron has two pain orientations, designated + 1/2 and -1/2.

if two electrons are in the same orbitals, they must have opposite spins, so they are paired.

electrons in diff orbitals with the same ms values are said to have parallel spins

Question 38

electron configuration

Answer 38

use spectroscopic notation, where in the first number denotes the principal energy level, the letter designates the sub shell and the superscript gives th number of electrons in that sub shell

ex: 2p^4

Question 39

Aufbau principle AKA building up principle

Answer 39

electrons fill form lower to higher energy subshells and each subshell will fill completely before electrons begin to enter the next one

Question 40

n + l rule

Answer 40

can be used to rank subshells by increasing energy

the lower the sum of the values of n + l, the lower the energy of the subshell

if two subshells posses the same n + l value, the sub shell with the lower n value has a lower energy and will fill the electrons first

Question 41

Hunds rule

Answer 41

within a given sub shell, orbitals are filled such that there are a maximum number of half filled orbital with parallel spins

Question 42

paramagnetic

Answer 42

materials composed of atoms with unpair electrons will orient their spins in alignment with a magnetic field, and the material will thus be deadly attracted to the magnetic field

Question 43

diamagnetic

Answer 43

materials consisting of atoms that have only paired electrons will be slightly repelled by a magnetic field