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Copy RGS 3rd Form Chemistry > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the electronic configuration of hydrogen-1 with a proton number of 1.

A

1

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2
Q

What is the electronic configuration of potassium-39 with a proton number of 19?

How would this change when its ion is formed?

A

2,8,8,1

it would become

2,8,8

having lost its outer electron to gain a full outer shell and become more stable

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3
Q

How many outer electrons does chlorine have?

Which group is chlorine found in?

What is the name of this group?

A

7 outer electrons

Group 7

Halogens

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4
Q

Define relative atomic mass (RAM)

A

The average mass number of an atom relative to 1/12th the mass of Carbon-12 taking into consideration the abundance of all its isotopes.

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5
Q

How many outer electrons does magnesium have?

Which group is magnesium found in?

How many electron shells does magnesium have?

What period is it found in?

A

2 outer electrons

Group 2 - called the Earth Alkaline metals

3 electron shells

Period 3

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6
Q

Name the parts of an atom

A
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7
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom of the same element with same number of protons and different number of neutrons

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8
Q

Which two ions have an electronic configuration of 2,8,8?

A

Cl 1- and K 1+

Chlorine is 2,8,7 and gains one electron to become 2,8,8 and gains a charge of 1-

Potassium is 2,8,8,1 and losed one electron to become 2,8,8 and gains a charge of 1+

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9
Q

What is the electronic configuration of Sulfur-32 which has a proton number of 16.

A

2,8,6

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10
Q

Which charge ion will this element form?

Chlorine with electronic configuration 2,8,7

A

It has 7 outer electrons- it will gain one electron and will have the charge 1-

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11
Q

Which element will form an ion with charge 3-

Nitrogen found in group 3

Aluminium with 3 outer electrons

sodium found in period 3

A

Nitrogen, its electronic configuration is 2,5 so it gains 3 electrons to become 2,8 with a charge of 3-

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12
Q

What is the electronic configuration of N3-

Nirogen has a proton number of 7.

A

2,8

Nitrogen is 2,5 but it has gained 3 electrons to give N 3-

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13
Q

Why is group 0 or the noble gases inert (unreactive)?

A

They have a full outer shell

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14
Q

What is the electronic configuration of F 1-

Fluroine has a proton number of 9.

A

2,8

Fluorine is 2,7 but has gained one electron to make F 1-

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15
Q

How many outer electrons does aluminium have?

Which group is aluminium found in?

How many electron shells does aluminium have?

What period is it found in?

A

3 outer electrons

Group 3

3 electron shells

Period 3

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16
Q

Which element has 8 outer electrons?

Ne-10 proton number 8

OR O-16 proton number 8

A

Neon - its electronic configuration is 2,8

Neon has 10 electrons but 8 outer electrons

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17
Q

What is the charge of a proton, neutron and electron respectively?

A

proton 1+, neutron 0, electron 1-

18
Q

Which element has 10 neutrons?

F-19 proton number 9

Ne-20 proton number 10

B-10 proton number 5

A

Fluorine

19 - 9 = 10 neutrons

19
Q

What is the electronic configuration of chlorine-35 with a proton number of 17?

A

2,8,7

Check:

Chlorine is in group 7 and should have 7 outer electrons

Chlorine is in period 3 and should have 3 electron shells

20
Q

What does the group number in the periodic table represents?

A

The number of outer electrons

21
Q

What does the period number represent in the periodic table?

A

The number of electron shells

22
Q

How is a positive ion formed?

A

The neutral atom must lose electrons.

23
Q

How do the chemical properties of isotopes compare?

A

Isotopes have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of outer electrons.

C-12 and C-14 both have 6 protons and 6 electrons but C-14 has 2 more neutrons and is therefore slightly heavier. But they both have 4 outer electrons and behave the same chemically

24
Q

How is a negative ion formed?

A

A neutral atom gains electrons

25
Q

What is the electronic configuration of Ca 2+

Calcium has a proton number of 20.

A

2,8,8

Ca is 2,8,8,2 but Ca 2+ has lost its two outer electrons to gain a full outer shell.

26
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons found in Na-23 which has a proton number of 11.

A

mass number - proton number = number of neutrons 23 - 11 = 12 neutrons

27
Q

What is the electronic configuration of oxygen-16 with a proton number of 8?

A

2,6

Check:

oxygen is in group 6 and should have 6 outer electrons

oxygen is in period 2 and should have 2 electron shells

28
Q

These are the same element, they have the same number of protons but have different number of neutrons. What are they?

A

They are isotopes

29
Q

What is the electronic configuration of sodium-23 with a proton number of 11.

A

2,8,1

Check your answer:

Na is is group 1 and should have 1 outer electron

30
Q

What is the mass number of an atom?

A

mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

31
Q

How many neutrons does lithium-7 have?

Lithium has 3 protons

A

7-3 = 4 neutrons

32
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton, neutrons and electron?

A

proton 1, neutron 1 - same relative mass

electron (0 or 1/1840)- more of less zero

33
Q

To which group and period does this element belong?

Chlorine-35

Chlorine has a proton number of 17

A

The proton number is 17 therefore it has 17 electrons.

The electronic configuration is

2,8,7

group 7 - it has 7 outer electrons

period 3 - it has 3 electron shells

34
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

Atoms gain or lose electrons to obtain a full outer shell which makes the atom more stable.

35
Q

What is the mass number of Lithium-7 which has 3 protons?

A

7

36
Q

Name the subatomic particles which are also nucleons.

A

proton and neutrons because they are found in the nucleus

37
Q

Naturally occurring chlorine consists of atoms of relative masses 35 (75%) and 37 (25%). Without calculating which RAM is more likely and why? 37.5, 35.5. or 36.0

A

35.5 because the number is closest to 35 which has a greater abundance of 75%.

38
Q

What is the electronic configuration of helium-4 with a proton number of 2.

A

2 in the first shell

4 is the mass number, since it is neutral it will have 2 electrons to equal the number of protons (+2) + (-2) = 0

39
Q

Which ions can have the electronic configuration

2,8

A

F 1- and Na 1+

Fluorine is 2,7 but gains one to become 2,8

with a charge of 1-

sodium is 2,8,1 but loses one electron to become 2,8

with a charge of 1+

40
Q

What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?

A

protons and neutrons

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