Atomic Structure Flashcards
Proton
Has a positive charge
Mass = 1 amu
atomic number: Z
Neutron
No charge
Mass = 1 amu
Electron
Negative charge
Mass = negligible
cations or anions
Nucleus (of an atom)
**relation to charges and components of nucleus
Contains protons and neutrons
**electrons move around the nucleus
Atomic number
Number of protons in a given element
Z
Mass number
The sum of an elements protons and neutrons
A
Atomic mass
Equal to mass number (sum of protons and neutrons)
atomic weight
Isotopes
Atoms of a given element, with same atomic number, but differing neutrons
Identified by element followed by mass number
To find neutrons, subtract Z from A
Z: atomic number (found on periodic table)
Isotopes of Hydrogen
Protium
Deuterium
Tritium
Atomic weight
The weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element
**NOT ON PERIODIC TABLE
Principal Quantum Number
n
1,2,3,4,5,6 etc.
Angular Momentum (Azimuthal quantum number)
l
Subshells: s p d f
Magnetic Quantum Number
ml
-l, 0, +l
Spin Quantum Number
ms
+/- 1/2
Paramagnetic
Materials have unpaired electrons that align with magnetic fields attracting material to a magnet
Diamagnetic
Materials have all paired electrons which cannot be easily realigned they are repelled by magnets
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
It is impossible to know both an electrons position and its momentum exactly at the same time
Hund’s Rule
Subshells with multiple orbitals full electrons so that every orbital in a subshell gets one electron before any of them gets a second
(n+1) Rule
Electrons fill the principal energy levels and Subshells according to increasing energy
Electron configuration
Designates location of electrons
Valence electrons
Electrons in the outermost she’ll available for bonding with the other atoms
Octet rule
