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MCAT GENERAL CHEMISTRY > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Proton

A

Has a positive charge

Mass = 1 amu

atomic number: Z

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2
Q

Neutron

A

No charge

Mass = 1 amu

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3
Q

Electron

A

Negative charge

Mass = negligible

cations or anions

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4
Q

Nucleus (of an atom)

**relation to charges and components of nucleus

A

Contains protons and neutrons

**electrons move around the nucleus

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5
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in a given element

Z

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6
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of an elements protons and neutrons

A

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7
Q

Atomic mass

A

Equal to mass number (sum of protons and neutrons)

atomic weight

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8
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of a given element, with same atomic number, but differing neutrons

Identified by element followed by mass number

To find neutrons, subtract Z from A
Z: atomic number (found on periodic table)

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9
Q

Isotopes of Hydrogen

A

Protium

Deuterium

Tritium

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10
Q

Atomic weight

A

The weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element

**NOT ON PERIODIC TABLE

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11
Q

Principal Quantum Number

A

n

1,2,3,4,5,6 etc.

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12
Q

Angular Momentum (Azimuthal quantum number)

A

l

Subshells: s p d f

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13
Q

Magnetic Quantum Number

A

ml

-l, 0, +l

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14
Q

Spin Quantum Number

A

ms

+/- 1/2

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15
Q

Paramagnetic

A

Materials have unpaired electrons that align with magnetic fields attracting material to a magnet

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16
Q

Diamagnetic

A

Materials have all paired electrons which cannot be easily realigned they are repelled by magnets

17
Q

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

A

It is impossible to know both an electrons position and its momentum exactly at the same time

18
Q

Hund’s Rule

A

Subshells with multiple orbitals full electrons so that every orbital in a subshell gets one electron before any of them gets a second

19
Q

(n+1) Rule

A

Electrons fill the principal energy levels and Subshells according to increasing energy

20
Q

Electron configuration

A

Designates location of electrons

21
Q

Valence electrons

A

Electrons in the outermost she’ll available for bonding with the other atoms

Octet rule

MCAT GENERAL CHEMISTRY (1 decks)

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