Atomic Structure

Question 1

What are atoms?

Answer 1

The smallest part of a substance

An element

Question 2

How many types of atom are there?

Answer 2

There are about 100 different types of atoms

Question 3

Mass of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 3

Proton 1
Neutron 1
Electron 0

Question 4

Charge of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 4

Proton +1
Neutron 0
Electron -1

Question 5

Location of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 5

Proton Nucleus
Neutron Nucleus
Electron Shell

Question 6

Example, 
How many protons, neutrons and electrons in:
39
K
19

Answer 6

Protons 19
Electrons 19
Neutrons 20

Question 7

First 20 elements:

Answer 7

Hydrogen - H
Helium - He
Lithium - Li
Beryllium - Be
Boron - B
Carbon - C
Nitrogen - N
Oxygen - O
Fluorine - F
Neon - Ne
Sodium - Na
Magnesium - Mg
Aluminium - Al
Silicon - Si
Phosphorus - P
Sulfur - S
Chlorine - Cl
Argon - Ar
Potassium - K
Calcium - Ca

Question 8

What the most important subatomic particles?

Answer 8

Electrons

Question 9

How are electrons arranged?

Answer 9

In shells

Question 10

How many do the first four shells hold up to?

Answer 10

1st shell - 2 electrons
2nd shell - 8 electrons
3rd shell - 8 electrons
4th shell - 18 electrons

Question 11

Example, 
How many shells does sulfur have?
32
S
16

Answer 11

3 shells

Question 12

Example, 
How many protons, neutrons and electrons in:
27
Al
13

Answer 12

13 protons
13 electrons
14 neutrons

Question 13

Periodic Table:

Why are they in grouped in columns? (Group)

Answer 13

Number of electrons in outer shell

Question 14

Periodic Table:

Why are they grouped in rows? (Period)

Answer 14

Number of shells with electrons in

Question 15

When atoms meet, what is involved in the chemical reactions?

Answer 15

The outer shell

Question 16

What do elements in the same group do?

Answer 16

They react in similar ways and have similar properties

Question 17

What are Group 1 Alkali Metals’ properties?

Answer 17

Easy to cut
React with water (produce an alkaline)
React with oxygen
Shiny when cut (coated in metal oxide)
Float on water (density less than 1g/cm3

Question 18

What are trends in Group 1 Alkali Metals?

Answer 18

Become:
More reactive
Softer/easier to cut
Melting point decreases

Question 19

What are Group 0/8 the Noble Gasses’ properties?

Answer 19

Very unreactive

Complete outer shell

Question 20

What are Group 0/8 the Noble Gasses’ uses? (3)

Answer 20

1) Lights - Neon
2) Filament lightbulbs - Argon filled to prevent reaction with oxygen
3) Welding - prevent reaction of steel with air