atomic structure

Question 1

what is chemical symbol

Answer 1

The big letter or 2 letters that signify a certain element. (Ex; C for carbon)

Question 2

where is the atomic number located

Answer 2

bottom left of chemical symbol

Question 3

how is a elements atomic number determined?

Answer 3

the number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 4

what charge do protons have

Answer 4

+1

Question 5

what is a protons mass

Answer 5

1 atomic mass (amu)

Question 6

how is nuclear charge determined

Answer 6

total number of protons

Question 7

what does the number of protons in a element’s nucleus determine

Answer 7

The number of protons will determine what specific element is. (Ex; iron, gold)

Question 8

where is a elements atomic mass number

Answer 8

top left above symbol

Question 9

how is mass number calculated

Answer 9

protons + neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 10

what is the mass of a neutron

Answer 10

1 amu

Question 11

what is the charge of a neutron

Answer 11

0

Question 12

what is an isotope

Answer 12

atoms with the same amount of protons but diffrent amounts of neutrons.

Question 13

how is a elements charge calculated

Answer 13

protons - electrons

Question 14

where is an elements charge located

Answer 14

top right above symbol

Question 15

what is a electrons charge

Answer 15

-1

Question 16

how much is a electrons mass

Answer 16

0 amu (not used when calculating mass of element)

Question 17

what is a element with a positive charge called

Answer 17

cation

Question 18

what is an element with a negative charge

Answer 18

anion

Question 19

What are the 2 nuclear forces in a nucleus

Answer 19

Electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force

Question 20

Electromagnetic force

Answer 20

Electric force that causes positive charged protons to separate from each other due to magnetic forces.

Question 21

The strong nuclear force

Answer 21

Attractive force that pulls neutrons and protons together

Question 22

How is an atoms nucleus not blown apart from electromagnetic force?

Answer 22

The strong force that attracts protons and neutrons together must be stronger than the electromagnetic force in order to hold the nucleus together.

Question 23

Mass defect

Answer 23

The mass of a nucleus is always less than the sum of the individual protons and neutrons

Question 24

What is the mass in mass defect turned into

Answer 24

Energy

Question 25

Exothermic process

Answer 25

A process that releases energy

Question 26

Endothermic processes

Answer 26

Requires energy

Question 27

Nuclear binding energy

Answer 27

Energy required to split atom into protons and neutrons

Question 28

What kind of process is nuclear binding process and what kind of charge does it require

Answer 28

Endothermic, which means it requires energy. This means the charge will always be positive.

Question 29

Nuclear fusion

Answer 29

Two reactant atoms fuse nucleuses together to form one larger nucleus. Is exothermic

Question 30

Nuclear fission

Answer 30

The nucleus of a reactant atom splits into two smaller nuclei. Is exothermic

Question 31

What element has the highest binding energy per nucleus

Answer 31

Iron

Question 32

What happens to a nucleus’s binding energy as we go up the periodic table towards iron?

Answer 32

The binding energy increases and maxes at iron

Question 33

What happens to nuclear binding energy at the atom number increases higher than iron

Answer 33

The nuclear binding energy decreases

Question 34

Change to elements numbers due to alpha decay

Answer 34

-2 to atomic number -4 to atomic mass

Question 35

Beta minus decay

Answer 35

A neutron emits a electron and becomes a proton. Atomic number +1 but mass stays the same

Question 36

What kind of element is likely for beta- decay

Answer 36

Unstable nuclei with high neutron to proton rations

Question 37

Beta + decay

Answer 37

Proton emits a positron and is converted to a nucleus. Atomic number decrease but mass stays the same.

Question 38

Beta + decay most common in

Answer 38

Unstable elements with high proton to neutron ration

Question 39

Electron capture

Answer 39

Similar to beta+ decay, proton absorbs an electron and become a neutron. Atomic number decreases by 1 but mass stays the same. Common in unstable elements with high proton to neutron ratio.