atomic structure

Question 1

number of protons=?

Answer 1

number of electrons

Question 2

3 main types of radiation

Answer 2

alpha
beta
gamma

Question 3

what does the plum pudding model state?

Answer 3

an atom is made up of a sphere of positive charge with negative electrons spread throughout it

Question 4

what is the atomic number

Answer 4

number of protons

Question 5

what is the mass number

Answer 5

number of protons + neutrons

Question 6

define the term isotope

Answer 6

an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 7

what is gamma

Answer 7

EM wave

Question 8

what is beta

Answer 8

fast moving particle

Question 9

what is alpha

Answer 9

helium nucleus

Question 10

count rate after n half-lives is equal to…

Answer 10

initial count rate/2n

Question 11

2 main medical uses

Answer 11

medical tracers
cancer treatment

Question 12

define fission

Answer 12

the splitting of an atoms nucleus into two smaller nuclei

Question 13

define a chain reaction (fission)

Answer 13

when a fission event occurs more neutrons are given off which then go on to cause further fission events

Question 14

define fusion

Answer 14

process of forcing 2 atoms’ nuclei together to form a single larger nucleus

Question 15

how can nuclear fusion be made to happen?

Answer 15

by colliding particles at a very high speed.

Question 16

where does fusion happen?

Answer 16

in stars where hydrogen fuses into helium

Question 17

where does radon gas come from?

Answer 17

natural radioactive materials underground which then seep through the rocks into the air

Question 18

what does radon gas emit?

Answer 18

alphas - so can be hazardous if breathed in

Question 19

are alpha particles highly ionising?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

inside which part of as nuclear power station would molybdenum be produced?

Answer 20

nuclear station

Question 21

define the term half-life

Answer 21

the average amount of time taken for an unstable nuclei to half

Question 22

even though there’s a risk, doctors frequently use radioactive substances for medical diagnosis and treatments. Suggest why

Answer 22

benefit is greater than the risk