atomic structure Flashcards
what is an atom?
the smallest unit of matter that retains its properties
what are subatomic particles?
the 3 types of particle that constitute atoms
electron, proton, neutron
what is the relative mass and charge of a proton?
relative mass: 1
relative charge: +1
what is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?
relative mass: 1
relative charge: 0
what is the relative mass and charge of a electron?
relative mass: 0.005
relative charge: -1
which is bigger, mass number or atomic number?
mass number
what is the mass number?
number of protons and neutrons
what is sthe atomic number?
number of protons, order of the elements in the periodic table, what defines each element
what is in between the nucleus and the energy levels?
empty space, energy levels, too, are imaginary
where do electrostatic forces act in an atom?
between the nucleus and the electrons
what are isotopes?
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
how many different isotopes of hydrogen are there?
3
are the chemical properties of different isotopes the same or different?
the same
they have the same number of electrons, which is what determines chemical properties
are the physical properties of different isotopes the same or different?
no, physical properties vary between the isotopes
what physical properties vary between isotopes?
- masses, because different neutron numbers
- density, size of isotopes is the same (same number of energy levels), but more neutrons = more dense
- mpt/bpt, heavier atoms have stronger forces, so a higher mpt/bpt, separated using fractional distillation
