Atomic Structure

Question 1

Definition of istopes

Answer 1

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 2

characteristics of s-orbital, p-orbital and d-orbital

Answer 2

s-orbital: sphere, non-directional
p-orbital: dumb-bell shape, directional. p orbitals in the same subshell have the same energy (they degenerate)
d-orbital: double dumb-bell shape, directional, d orbitals in the same subshell have the same energy

Question 3

Write the electronic configuration for Cr and Cu and explain

Answer 3

Cr: Energy diff between 4s and 3p orbital is minimal, so electrons occupy 3d orbitals to minimise inter-electronic repulsion
Cu: The half-filled 4s and fully-filled 3d orbitals are very stable due to symmetrical distribution of electron density around the nucleus

Question 3

Definite isoelectronic species

Answer 3

Different species with the same number of electrons