atomic structure

Question 1

atoms are made of

Answer 1

subatomic particles called protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 2

protons are the only ones that have

Answer 2

a significant mass

Question 3

protons have a

Answer 3

+ve charge

Question 4

electrons have a

Answer 4

-ve charge

Question 5

neutrons are

Answer 5

neutral

Question 6

the nucleus of an atom is positively charged as it contains

Answer 6

protons and neutrons

Question 7

negatively charged electrons orbit the

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

we can demonstrate properties of these subatomic particles by passing them through

Answer 8

electric field

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

when we pass these particles through an electric field we can state

Answer 10

Question 11

ions have

Answer 11

a different number of electrons and protons

Question 12

some ions gained electrons to gain

Answer 12

a full shell of electrons and enable to form a more stable ionic compound

Question 13

isotopes

Answer 13

elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 14

free radical

Answer 14

a species iwth one or more unpaired electrons

Question 15

electron shells are split into

Answer 15

4 subshells

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

the group number

Answer 17

number of electrons in outershell

Question 18

electron blocks

Answer 18

Question 19

s shape

Answer 19

Question 20

p shape

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

spin pairing

Answer 22

when2 electrons occupy 1 orbital they spin in opposite directions

Question 23

we fill up orbitals

Answer 23

singly first and then pair up due to electron repulsion

Question 24

4s gets filled before

Answer 24

3d

Question 25

when ions you just add or remove electrons from

Answer 25

the highest energy level first, remove from 3d before 4s

Question 26

chromium and copper have different electron configuration(transiltion elements)

Answer 26

an electron from the 4s orbital moves into the 3d orbital to create a more stable half full or full 3d subshell respectively

Question 27

transition element ions lose from

Answer 27

4s then 3d

Question 28

first ionisation energy

Answer 28

the minimum energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of atoms in the gaseous state

Question 29

1st ionisation of Na

Answer 29

Question 30

ionisation requires energy so they are

Answer 30

always an endothermic process and have a positive value

Question 31

shielding

Answer 31

the more electron shells between the +ve nucleus and negative electrons that is being removed the less energy required, there is a weaker attraction

Question 32

atomic size

Answer 32

thebigger the atom the further away the outer electrons are from the nucleus, the attractive force between nucleus and outer electrons reduces- easier to remove electrons

Question 33

nuclear charge

Answer 33

the more protons in the nucleus the bigger the attraction between nucleus and outer electrons, this means more energy required to remove the electron

Question 34

ionization energy decreases

Answer 34

as we go down the group

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

succesive ionisation

Answer 36

the removal of morethan 1 electron from the same atom

Question 37

elements in the same group have the

Answer 37

same number of electrons in the outershell

Question 38

electrons in same group have similar

Answer 38

properties

Question 39

electrons in the same period have the

Answer 39

same number of electron shells

Question 40

as we go across period 3 the atomic radius decreases

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

period 3 atomic radius

Question 42

atomic radius increases down

Answer 42

groups due to extra electron shells added for each element down the group

Question 43

1st ionisation energy across a period

Answer 43

increases

Question 44

why does first ionisation energy increase across a period

Answer 44

Question 45

Answer 45

a decrease in aluminium is evidence for atoms having subshells

Question 46

Answer 46