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Rad production (physics) > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

what does atom mean?

A

uncuttable object

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2
Q

what does the Bohr Model consist of?

A

a nucleus
orbiting electrons

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3
Q

what are the 3 subatomic particles atoms are made of?

A

Protons (+)
Neutrons (0)
Electrons (-)

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4
Q

The atom is…

A

the smallest particle of matter that maintains a unique identity

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5
Q

where is the nucleus located in an atom?
What does the nucleus contain

A
  1. The center of the atom
  2. Protons (+) & Neutrons (0)
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6
Q

What do electrons (-) do?

A

orbit the nucleus

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7
Q

The number of protons (+) in the nucleus determines what?

A

The identity or element

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8
Q

what is charge?

A

A physical property of matter that causes a force

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9
Q

Opposite charges?

A

attract

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10
Q

Like charges ?

A

Repel

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11
Q

The magnitude of protons and electrons are?

A

The same (just opposite)

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12
Q

what keeps the protons (+) together in the nucleus

A

neutrons

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13
Q

what is atomic mass unit (AMU)?

How much does a proton (+), electron (-), and neutrons (0) weigh?

A
  1. a mass of a single atomic number
  2. protons (+) = 1 AMU
    electrons (-) = 0 AMU
    Neutrons (0)= 1 AMu
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14
Q

The atomic number (Z) represents what?

A

the number of protons (+) in the nucleus

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15
Q

what is atomic mass (A)(atomic weight)?

what does it consist of?

A
  1. the “weight” of an entire atom
  2. protons and neutrons
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16
Q

what does A equal

A

number of protons (+) and neutrons (0)

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17
Q

A
X
Z
what does each letter represent?

A

A= atomic weight/mass (protons & neutrons)

Z= number of protons

X= element symbol

18
Q

what are isotopes ?

A

atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons but same (z # of protons) different (A)

    1. 3
      H. H. H…..
19
Q

How is atomic mass used to define different isotopes?

A

carbon-12 (6p) + (6n)= 12 AMU
carbon -13 (6p)+ (7n)= 13 AMU

20
Q

what isotope is used in nuclear medicine?

A

131 Iodine (half life 8 days)

21
Q

How many electrons can each shell hold?

A

k= 2
l=8
m=18
n=32

22
Q

what kind of energy do electrons travel with?

A

kinetic energy ( energy of motion)

23
Q

what are the 2 factors of energy?

A
  1. shell proximity to nucleus
  2. how many protons ( atomic number, Z)
24
Q

In energy level, The farther from the nucleus…

A

the higher energy level

25
Q

In energy level, the higher the atomic # (protons)(Z)…

A

The higher energy level

26
Q

what is binding energy? Eb

A

attractive force between the nucleus(+) and the electrons (-)

27
Q

what 2 factors determine binding energy?

A
  1. shell proximity to nucleus
  2. # of protons ( Z) (atomic number)
28
Q

In binding energy, The closer the shell to the nucleus..

A

the higher the Eb

29
Q

In binding energy , The higher the atomic number (Z) (# of protons)…

A

the higher the Eb

30
Q

what happens when electrons move from lower to higher orbits ?

A

they absorb the exact energy

31
Q

what happens when electrons move from higher to lower orbits?

A

they give off exact energy

32
Q

what is a neutral atom?

A

same number of protons and electrons

net charge 0

33
Q

What is an ion?

A

has different # of protons and electrons

a charged atom

34
Q

what happens if a neutral atom LOSES an electron (-)

A

net charge is now positive

35
Q

what happens if a neutral atom GAINS a electron (-)

A

net charge is negative

36
Q

what is ionization?

A

process of creating ions

37
Q

atoms bond with other atoms via their

A

electrons

38
Q

does the nucleus change during a chemical reaction?

A

No

39
Q

during a chemical reaction, the outer shell…

A

loses or gains electrons(-)
outer shell likes to be full

40
Q

sharing electrons in the outer shell is what kind of bond

A

covalent

41
Q

describe an ionic bond

A

when one atom gives another and electron (-) then they attract

42
Q

which is a stronger bond

A

Covalent

Rad production (physics) (4 decks)

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