Atomic Structure Flashcards
what does atom mean?
uncuttable object
what does the Bohr Model consist of?
a nucleus
orbiting electrons
what are the 3 subatomic particles atoms are made of?
Protons (+)
Neutrons (0)
Electrons (-)
The atom is…
the smallest particle of matter that maintains a unique identity
where is the nucleus located in an atom?
What does the nucleus contain
- The center of the atom
- Protons (+) & Neutrons (0)
What do electrons (-) do?
orbit the nucleus
The number of protons (+) in the nucleus determines what?
The identity or element
what is charge?
A physical property of matter that causes a force
Opposite charges?
attract
Like charges ?
Repel
The magnitude of protons and electrons are?
The same (just opposite)
what keeps the protons (+) together in the nucleus
neutrons
what is atomic mass unit (AMU)?
How much does a proton (+), electron (-), and neutrons (0) weigh?
- a mass of a single atomic number
- protons (+) = 1 AMU
electrons (-) = 0 AMU
Neutrons (0)= 1 AMu
The atomic number (Z) represents what?
the number of protons (+) in the nucleus
what is atomic mass (A)(atomic weight)?
what does it consist of?
- the “weight” of an entire atom
- protons and neutrons
what does A equal
number of protons (+) and neutrons (0)
A
X
Z
what does each letter represent?
A= atomic weight/mass (protons & neutrons)
Z= number of protons
X= element symbol
what are isotopes ?
atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons but same (z # of protons) different (A)
- 3
H. H. H…..
- 3
How is atomic mass used to define different isotopes?
carbon-12 (6p) + (6n)= 12 AMU
carbon -13 (6p)+ (7n)= 13 AMU
what isotope is used in nuclear medicine?
131 Iodine (half life 8 days)
How many electrons can each shell hold?
k= 2
l=8
m=18
n=32
what kind of energy do electrons travel with?
kinetic energy ( energy of motion)
what are the 2 factors of energy?
- shell proximity to nucleus
- how many protons ( atomic number, Z)
In energy level, The farther from the nucleus…
the higher energy level
In energy level, the higher the atomic # (protons)(Z)…
The higher energy level
what is binding energy? Eb
attractive force between the nucleus(+) and the electrons (-)
what 2 factors determine binding energy?
- shell proximity to nucleus
- # of protons ( Z) (atomic number)
In binding energy, The closer the shell to the nucleus..
the higher the Eb
In binding energy , The higher the atomic number (Z) (# of protons)…
the higher the Eb
what happens when electrons move from lower to higher orbits ?
they absorb the exact energy
what happens when electrons move from higher to lower orbits?
they give off exact energy
what is a neutral atom?
same number of protons and electrons
net charge 0
What is an ion?
has different # of protons and electrons
a charged atom
what happens if a neutral atom LOSES an electron (-)
net charge is now positive
what happens if a neutral atom GAINS a electron (-)
net charge is negative
what is ionization?
process of creating ions
atoms bond with other atoms via their
electrons
does the nucleus change during a chemical reaction?
No
during a chemical reaction, the outer shell…
loses or gains electrons(-)
outer shell likes to be full
sharing electrons in the outer shell is what kind of bond
covalent
describe an ionic bond
when one atom gives another and electron (-) then they attract
which is a stronger bond
Covalent
