Atomic Structure

Question 1

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

Answer 1

no two electrons in the same atom can have identical values for all four of their quantum numbers

Question 2

Wave function

Answer 2

e value of the wave function of a particle at a given point of space and time is related to the likelihood of the particle’s being there at the time.

Question 3

Hund’s rule

Answer 3

every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin

Question 4

Additional electrons in inner orbitals

Answer 4

Inner electrons shield outer electrons more effectively than do electrons in the same sublevel.

Question 5

Sizes of Atoms

Answer 5

The greater Zeff , the greater the attractive force between
the nucleus and its electrons and the smaller the average
distance between the nucleus and its valence electrons
(the atomic radius)

Question 6

Changes in Zeff.

Answer 6

As the effective nuclear charge (Zeff)—the positive charge “felt” by an electron—increases, outer electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus; thus, the atoms are smaller.

Question 7

Changes in n

Answer 7

As the principal quantum number (n) increases, the
probability that the outer electrons will spend more time farther from the nucleus increases as well; thus, the atoms are larger.

Question 8

Zeff in terms of Ionisation energy

Answer 8

As Zeff increases, it requires more energy to remove the
outermost electron. Consequently, ionization energy is related to atomic radius, with ionization energy increasing as atomic radius decreases