ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Question 1

What is an atom

Answer 1

The smallest parts of an element that take place in chemical reactions . They compose matter.

Question 2

What is in the nucleus

Answer 2

Subatomic particles such as Protons, Neutrons & Electrons . It is positively charged due to protons

Question 3

What to understand about an atom

Answer 3

Mostly made up of empty space around a small dense nucleus

Question 4

Describe protons in terms of relative charge and mass

Answer 4

Protons are positively charged with a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1

Question 5

Describe Neutrons in terms of relative charge and mass

Answer 5

Neutrons have a neutral charge with a relative charge of 0 and a relative mass of 1.

Question 6

Describe Electrons in terms of relative charge and relative mass

Answer 6

Electrons are negatively charged with a relative charge of -1 and relative mass of 1/1836 . Its mass is negligible

Question 7

Define Atomic number

Answer 7

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom which is equal to the number of electrons in the atom

Question 8

Define Mass number

Answer 8

the total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus.
calculated by ; atomic mass + number of neutrons

Question 9

Where is the atoms mass most concentrated & why

Answer 9

The nucleus is the most concentrated because it contains the heaviest subatomic particles { neutrons & protons } . The positively charged nucleus attracts to the orbiting negative electrons

Question 10

Describe the behaviour of beams of electrons moving at the same velocity in an electric field

Answer 10

The electrons are deflected easily away from the negative plate towards the positive plates because they have small mass and like poles repel

Question 11

Describe the behaviour of beams of protons moving at the same velocity in an electric field

Answer 11

Protons deflect less away from positive plate to negative showing that they are heavy and like poles repel

Question 11

Describe the behaviour of beams of neutrons moving at the same velocity in an electric field

Answer 11

Neutrons are not deflected at all since they do not attract nor repel

Question 11

Why do the subatomic particles deflect differently

Answer 11

Difference in relative charge result in subatomic particles behaving differently

Question 11

How are Ions formed

Answer 11

Ions are formed when atoms either gain e- forming [anion] or lose e- forming [cation]

Question 11

What are Ions

Answer 11

Charged atoms

Answer 11

Positively charged ions have lost e- therefore have fewer e- than protons

Answer 12

Negatively charged ions have gained e- therefore have more e- than protons

Answer 13

Ions have different number of e- to their number of protons depending on their charge

Answer 13

The formula mass no=no of protons + no of neutrons can be used when your only given 2/3 values or if you are finding the element

Question 14

What is atomic radius

Answer 14

A measure of the size of an atom or the distance between 2 nuclei of 2 covalently bonded atoms

Question 14

What are the patterns of atomic radius across the period

Answer 14

It generally decreases across a period because the atomic no increases with e- to the same shell allowing for a greater pull and resulting in to a smaller atom