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Physics > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Charge And Mass Of A Proton

A

Charge = Positive Mass = 1

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2
Q

Charge And Mass Of A Neutron

A

Charge = N/A Mass = 1

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3
Q

Charge And Mass Of A Electron

A

Charge = Negative Mass = Very Small

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4
Q

Where Are Protons And Neutrons Found

A

In The Nucleus

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5
Q

Where Are Electrons Found

A

In A Shell Outside The Nucleus

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6
Q

Radius Of The Atom

A

10 ^-10

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7
Q

Radius Of The Nucleus

A

10^-14

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8
Q

How Can Electrons Change Orbit

A

By Absorbing Or Emitting Electromagnetic Radiation

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9
Q

How To Work Out The Neutrons In An Atom

A

Mass NO - Proton NO = Neutron NO

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10
Q

What Charge Is Given When Removing An Electron

A

Positive Ion

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11
Q

What Charge Is Given When Gaining An Electron

A

Negative ion

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12
Q

Definition Of An Isotope

A

Same Number Of Protons Diff Number Of Neutrons

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13
Q

What Did Democritus Discover

A

The Smallest Part Of An Element Is An Atom

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14
Q

When Was The Electron Discovered

A

1897

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15
Q

Who Made The Plum Pudding Model

A

JJ Thompson

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16
Q

What Did The Plum Pudding Model Show

A

The Atom is an even spread of Positive charge throughout the atom with electrons dotted inside

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17
Q

What Did The Alpha Particle Experiment Show

A

That the Atom is mostly empty space

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18
Q

Why did Some Alpha Particles Deflect

A

The Nucleus Has a Positive Charge

19
Q

Why Did Some Rebound

A

The Atom Contains Mass

20
Q

When Was the Nucleus Discovered

A

1932

21
Q

What is radioactivity

A

When a unstable nucleus emits a particle or radiation and is not affected by anything

22
Q

Where does radioactivity take place

A

In the nucleus

23
Q

What is an alpha particles charge

A

+2

24
Q

What element is the alpha particle

A

4
He
2

25
Q

Properties of the alpha particle

A

Massively Ionising, Stopped by paper, Most dangerous in a body

26
Q

What is a beta particles charge

A

-1

27
Q

What is an beta particle

A

Electron

28
Q

Properties of a beta particle

A

Medium ionising, stopped by 5mm aluminium, dangerous in body

29
Q

Properties of gamma radiation

A

electromagnetic wave, low ionising, stopped by lead, dangerous from outside the body

30
Q

Properties of a neutron

A

High ionisation, Dangerous

31
Q

What is ionisation

A

When an atom gains or loses electrons and becomes charged

32
Q

Radiation safety

A

tongs, don’t point source at someone, no use for under 16s, no eating near a source

33
Q

How to Work out radiation

A

Record background count 2
Record count rate from source 32
Subtract to get correct count rate 32-2=30

34
Q

What process is radioactive decay

A

It is a random process which cannot be predicted

35
Q

What is a half life

A

the time taken for the number of nuclei to decrease by half

36
Q

Measure of emissions of radiation

A

Bq Becquerel

37
Q

What is the activity

A

Number of particles emitted per second by a source

37
Q

What is count rate

A

the number of particles recorded by the Gm per second

38
Q

What makes a nuclei stable

A

how long the half-life is

39
Q

Steps of nuclear fission

A

Neutron is absorbed by 235U
Splits into 2 smaller nuclei
2 neutrons(or more) are emitted
Leading to a chain reaction

40
Q

What percent of 235U make up the fuel rods

A

3%

41
Q

What to Boron control rods do

A

They control the rate of the reaction

42
Q

What is nuclear fusion

A

When 2 small nuclei fuse together to release huge amounts of energy

43
Q

Where does it take place

A

Controlled nuclear fusion reactors

Physics (6 decks)

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