Atomic Structure

Question 1

Maximum number of electrons in a shell equation

Answer 1

2n^2 E.g second 2^2=4 x2 = 8

Question 2

Atomic orbital

Answer 2

Region around the nucleus that can hold up two electrons with opposite spins

Question 3

Shape of s orbital and number it can hold

Answer 3

Sphere and 2

Question 4

Shape of p orbital

Answer 4

Infinity shape and 6 electrons

Question 5

Subshell

Answer 5

Is all of the orbitals of the same type in same shell

Question 6

Trend in energy with sub shell

Answer 6

Higher the shell higher the energy

Question 7

First ionisation energy

Answer 7

The energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the their gaseous state to form one mole of 1+ ions

Question 8

Second ionisation energy

Answer 8

Energy to remove one mole of electrons from one like of 1+ ions in their gaseous state to form one mole of 2+ ions

Question 9

Three factors that affect ionisation energy

Answer 9

Atomic radius
Shielding
Nuclear charge

Question 10

Atomic radius

Answer 10

Distance between nucleus and outer electrons as atomic radius increase increases force of attraction between nucleus and outer electron decreases

Question 11

Nuclear charge

Answer 11

The greater number of protons greater the force of attraction between the outer electrons and nucleus

Question 12

Shielding

Answer 12

Electrons in outer shell are repelled by electrons in inner shell

Question 13

First ionisation energy down a group

Answer 13

Decreases as we go down a group as atomic radius increases so outer electron shell is further away from nucleus more shielding also occurs.

Question 14

Ionisation energy across a period

Answer 14

Ionisation energy increases across a period due to similar shielding but greater nuclear charge

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

Atoms of the Same element with different number of neutrons and different masses

Question 16

Why do isotope react same way

Answer 16

They have same electron configuration/ outer electron

Question 17

Mass spectrometer

Answer 17

1. Place sample into sample chamber this sample contains all diff isotopes of that element
   2.ionisation occurs which converts all atoms into positive ions so they are attracted to negatively charged playe
   3.Negative charge plate causes ions to accelerate and increases kinetic energy so that all ions with same charge will have same kinetic energy
2. They then drift down chamber to the detector at different velocities
3. Lighter ions move faster than heavier and once ur reaches detector it gains electrons from the detector
4. The time taken to reach detector is used by machine to determine mass
5. Size of the current produced when each isotope hits detector is used to determine the abundance