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Electrical Theory > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Alternating current (AC)

A

Current that reverses its direction of flow periodically at regular intervals

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2
Q

Atom

A

smallest part of an element that contains all the parts of that element

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3
Q

Atomic number

A

equal the number of. protons in an atom’s nucleus

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4
Q

Attraction

A

force that causes one object to pull another object to itself

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5
Q

Bidirectional

A

object that moves in 2 directions

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6
Q

Conductor

A

device or material that permits current (electrons) to flow

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7
Q

Direct Current (DC)

A

current that does not change direction of flow

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8
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom and is one of 3 principle parts of an atom

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9
Q

Electron orbit

A

shell in which an electron moves around the nucleus of an atom

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10
Q

Element

A

smallest component; one part of a group of devices

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11
Q

Insulators

A

material that is used to isolate two conductive surfaces

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12
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space

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13
Q

Molecules

A

smallest part of a compound that is made up of individual atoms

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14
Q

Negative

A

one polarity of a voltage, current or charge

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15
Q

Neutron

A

particle that resides in the atom’s nucleus and has no charge and is one of 3 principle parts of the atom

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16
Q

Nucleus

A

centre or middle

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17
Q

Positive

A

charge of a particle or atom when the number of protons exceeds the number of electrons, or when electrons are lost

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18
Q

Proton

A

particle found in the atom’s nucleus that is positively charged and is one of the 3 principle parts of an atom

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19
Q

Repulsion

A

force that causes an object to push another object away from iteslf

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20
Q

Semiconductor

A

material that contains 4 valence electrons and is used in the production of semi-solid state devices

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21
Q

Unidirectional

A

moving in one direction

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22
Q

Valence electrons

A

electrons found in the outer orbit of an atom

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23
Q

Who first discovered electricity and when

A

The Greeks about 2500 years ago

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24
Q

Where did the word electric derive from

A

elektrik: to be like amber

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25
States of matter
solid liquid gas plasma
26
What is the basic building block of nature
the atom
27
Matter is made up of..
combination of atoms
28
3 principle parts of an atom
proton electron neutron
29
Which atom does not contain a neutron
Hydrogen
30
Does an atom always have the same number of protons and neutrons
No
31
How much heavier than the electron is the proton
approximately 1838x as heavy
32
How much bigger is the proton than the electron
about a thousand times bigger
33
What determines the kind of element an atom is
the number of protons in the nucleus
34
State the law of charges
opposite charges attract and like charges repel
35
Is the electron the smallest particle in an atom
No
36
Gluon
a quark that acts as a mediator to hold the nucleus together
37
Quark
subatomic particles that make up the principle particles of the atom
38
Bohr model
electrons exist in specific orbits around the nucleus when protons and electrons are equal in number, the net charge of an atom is zero
39
What is the outer shell of an atom called
valence shell
40
Formula for number of electrons in an orbit
2N^2
41
How many electrons can the 4th and 5th orbits hold
no more than 32
42
How many electrons in the outer shell make a stable condition
8
43
Elements with 8 electrons in the valence shell are called what
noble gases
44
Which atoms are the least stable
Ones with 1, 2, or 3 electrons in the outer shell
45
Bump theory
Current is produced when an electron from one atom knocks electrons from another atom out of orbit
46
How many valence electrons are there in materials used as insulators
7 or 8
47
How many valence electrons do semiconductors have
4
48
What are the two most commonly used materials for semiconductors
silicon (Si) germanium (Ge)
49
What happens to semiconductor resistance when they are heated
resistance decreases when semiconductors are heated
50
Ionization
process in which an atom gains or loses an electron and thus gaining either a positive (loss of electrons) or negative (gain of electrons) charge
51
How many valence electrons do materials used as conductors have
1, 2 or 3
52
List typical insulators
rubber glass wood plastic
53
List typical conductors
Gold Silver (best) Copper Aluminum
54
What is the smallest part of a compound
molecule
55
List the methods of producing electricity
Magnetism Chemical action Pressure Heat Friction Light
56
What is the most common way of producing electricity
Magnetism
57
Piezoelectric effect
striking, bending or twisting of crystals to produce electricity
58
Seebeck effect
Use of heat to create electricity
59
How are static charges produced
when certain materials are rubbed together and electrons are transferred from one object to another
60
What is the operating principle of thermocouplers
The Seebeck effect
61
Which method of producing electricity uses photons
light
62
Photon
massless particle of pure energy
63
How are photons produced
when electrons are forced into a lower energy level

Electrical Theory (5 decks)

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