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Physics > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the radius of an atom ?

A

-10
1 x 10^ Metres

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2
Q

How can the electron arrangements change ?

A

Move further away from the nucleus

Or

Closer to the nucleus

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3
Q

What happens if the electrons are closer to the neutron ?

A

They have a higher energy level

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4
Q

What happens if the electrons are further away from the neutron ?

A

They have a lower energy level

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5
Q

The number of electrons is equals to the number of neutrons in an atom, what does that mean ?

A

Atoms have no overall charge

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6
Q

What is the number of protons in an atom called ?

A

Atomic number

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7
Q

What is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom called ?

A

Mass number

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8
Q

Is the mass number situated at the top or the bottom ?

A

Top

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9
Q

Is the atomic number situated at the top or the bottom ?

A

Bottom

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10
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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11
Q

If the atom loses an electron does it turn negative or a positive ion ?

A

Positive

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12
Q

If the atom gains an electron does it turn negative or a positive ion ?

A

Negative

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13
Q

Before the discovery of electrons what were atoms thought of ?

A

Tiny spheres that could not be divided

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14
Q

What did the discovery of the electron lead to ? [which model]

A

Plum pudding

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15
Q

What did the plum pudding state ?

A

A ball of positive charge with negative electrons imbedded in it

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16
Q

The results of the alpha particle scattering led to the discovery that … ?

A

The mass what at the nucleus of the atom

Nucleus was charged

17
Q

What model did the results of the alpha particle scattering experiment lead to ?

A

Nuclear model

18
Q

What did Neil Bohr discover ?

A

Electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

19
Q

What did Chadwick discover ?

A

Neutrons within the nucleus

20
Q

Explain why chlorine and fluorine form covalent bonds ?

A

They are both non-metals

21
Q

Complete the sentence: in covalent bonds, electrons are …

A

Shared

22
Q

In iconic bonds, electrons are …

A

Transferred

23
Q

What is the name given to the structure of diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide ?

A

Giant covalent

24
Q

How many bond does each carbon have in diamond ?

A

4

25
Q

Explain why diamond has a high melting point ?

A

Giant structure

4 strong covalent bonds between atoms

Requires a lot of energy to break

26
Q

Explain why most giant covalent substances do not conduct electricity (2 marks)

A

There are no delocalised-electrons

So no charge can be conducted and carried

27
Q

Explain why graphite conducts electricity (2 marks)

A

Has delocalised-electrons between layers

Can conduct and carry charge throughout graphite

28
Q

Explain why graphite can act as a lubricant?

A

Weak forces between layers which are easily overcome

Layers slide over each other

29
Q

What is graphene ?

A

One layer of graphite

30
Q

What is a fullerene ? (2 marks)

A

Substance made of carbon

Atoms are arranged in a cage

31
Q

What type of substances are methane and water ?

A

Simple molecules

32
Q

What is a molecule ?

A

A group of atoms chemically bonded together

33
Q

Describe the structure of simple covalent molecules ? (2 marks)

A

Strong covalent bonds between atoms

Weak intermolecular forces holding the molecules together

34
Q

What are intermolecular forces ?

A

Weak forces between molecules which hold them together

35
Q

Explain why methane has a low melting point ? (3 marks)

A

It is a simple molecular substance

Weak intermolecular forces between molecules

Little energy to overcome the forces

36
Q

What is a polymer ?

A

Millions of small molecules joined together in a chain to form a large molecule

Physics (5 decks)

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