Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is the radius of an atom ?
-10
1 x 10^ Metres
How can the electron arrangements change ?
Move further away from the nucleus
Or
Closer to the nucleus
What happens if the electrons are closer to the neutron ?
They have a higher energy level
What happens if the electrons are further away from the neutron ?
They have a lower energy level
The number of electrons is equals to the number of neutrons in an atom, what does that mean ?
Atoms have no overall charge
What is the number of protons in an atom called ?
Atomic number
What is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom called ?
Mass number
Is the mass number situated at the top or the bottom ?
Top
Is the atomic number situated at the top or the bottom ?
Bottom
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
If the atom loses an electron does it turn negative or a positive ion ?
Positive
If the atom gains an electron does it turn negative or a positive ion ?
Negative
Before the discovery of electrons what were atoms thought of ?
Tiny spheres that could not be divided
What did the discovery of the electron lead to ? [which model]
Plum pudding
What did the plum pudding state ?
A ball of positive charge with negative electrons imbedded in it
The results of the alpha particle scattering led to the discovery that … ?
The mass what at the nucleus of the atom
Nucleus was charged
What model did the results of the alpha particle scattering experiment lead to ?
Nuclear model
What did Neil Bohr discover ?
Electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances
What did Chadwick discover ?
Neutrons within the nucleus
Explain why chlorine and fluorine form covalent bonds ?
They are both non-metals
Complete the sentence: in covalent bonds, electrons are …
Shared
In iconic bonds, electrons are …
Transferred
What is the name given to the structure of diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide ?
Giant covalent
How many bond does each carbon have in diamond ?
4
Explain why diamond has a high melting point ?
Giant structure
4 strong covalent bonds between atoms
Requires a lot of energy to break
Explain why most giant covalent substances do not conduct electricity (2 marks)
There are no delocalised-electrons
So no charge can be conducted and carried
Explain why graphite conducts electricity (2 marks)
Has delocalised-electrons between layers
Can conduct and carry charge throughout graphite
Explain why graphite can act as a lubricant?
Weak forces between layers which are easily overcome
Layers slide over each other
What is graphene ?
One layer of graphite
What is a fullerene ? (2 marks)
Substance made of carbon
Atoms are arranged in a cage
What type of substances are methane and water ?
Simple molecules
What is a molecule ?
A group of atoms chemically bonded together
Describe the structure of simple covalent molecules ? (2 marks)
Strong covalent bonds between atoms
Weak intermolecular forces holding the molecules together
What are intermolecular forces ?
Weak forces between molecules which hold them together
Explain why methane has a low melting point ? (3 marks)
It is a simple molecular substance
Weak intermolecular forces between molecules
Little energy to overcome the forces
What is a polymer ?
Millions of small molecules joined together in a chain to form a large molecule
