atomic structure Flashcards
what are isotopes?
atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
what are isoelectronic species?
atoms/ions/molecules that have the same number of electrons
how are protons charged and where do they deflect towards?
positively charged, negative potential
how are electrons charged and where do they deflect towards?
negatively charged, positive potential
do protons or electrons deflect more and why?
electrons, they are lighter
how is angle of deflection calculated?
charge/mass of particles
how is angle of deflection related to charge?
directly proportional, particle with higher charge will deflect more
how is angle of deflection related to mass?
inversely proportional, particle with heavier mass will deflect less
what is ionization energy?
the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from a mole of gaseous atoms or ions
why must elements be converted to gaseous atoms before measuring ionization energy?
to ensure that the energy input would be solely responsible for removing electrons and not for overcoming other attractive forces between atoms
what can be deduced from a sharp increase in ionisation energy?
group of elements
electrons are positioned in ___, which are positioned in different ___, which are positioned in different ___
orbitals, subshells, shells
subshells are designated by the letters ,,,
spdf
what does the Aufbau Principle do?
provides a guide to the order in which energy levels are filled, added electrons will always occupy orbital with the lowest energy first
what does Hund’s Rule of Multiplicity state?
when filling a subshell, each degenerate orbital must be occupied singly before they are occupied in pairs
