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JEE Chemistry > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the absolute charge of an electron?

A

Electron: -1.602 × 10^-19 C or -4.8 × 10^-10 esu

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2
Q

What is the absolute charge of a proton?

A

Proton: +1.602 × 10^-19 C or +4.8 × 10^-10 esu

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3
Q

What is the absolute charge of a neutron?

A

0

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4
Q

What is the absolute mass of an electron?

A

9.1 × 10^-31 kg

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5
Q

What is the absolute mass of a proton?

A

1.672 × 10^-27 kg

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6
Q

What is the absolute mass of a neutron?

A

1.675 × 10^-27 kg

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7
Q

What is the specific charge of an electron?

A

1.76 × 10^11 C/kg

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8
Q

What is the specific charge of a proton?

A

9.58×10^7 C/kg

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9
Q

What is the specific charge of a neutron?

A

0

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10
Q

Name the elements that have atomic numbers from 21 to 30

A 
Science(Sc)
Teacher(Ti)
Very(V)
Crazy(Cr)
Man(Mn)
Feed(Fe)
Cow(Co)
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
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11
Q

In Rutherford’s Alpha Ray Scattering Experiment what was the box containing the radioactive element made of? Why?

A

The box was made of Lead.

Lead is a good absorber of alpha rays, preventing their scattering into the surroundings.

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12
Q

In Rutherford’s Alpha Ray Scattering Experiment, which radioactive element was used? Why?

A

Radium was used.

Radium produces a relatively large amount of alpha radiations.

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13
Q

Name the 4 layers of Rutherford’s Alpha Ray Scattering Experiment

A

The Lead Box
The Lead Slit
The Gold Foil
The Screen containing ZnS coating

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14
Q

In Rutherford’s Alpha Ray Scattering Experiment, which element made the foil? Why? Give its atomic number.

A

Gold(Z - 79) was used since it is highly malleable - it was beaten into a sheet 0.00004 cm thick.

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15
Q

Observations of the Gold Foil Experiment

A
  1. Most Rays passed undeviated
  2. Few rays got deflected slightly
  3. Around 1 in 20,000 rays would retrace its path.
  4. Increasing the Z of the target element would increase deflection of the alpha particle as the number of protons would increase.
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16
Q

What is the radius of the nucleus of an atom? What is the radius of an atom? What is their relation?

A

Radius of the nucleus = 10^-13
Radius of the atom = 10^-8

Radius of the atom = 10^5 Radius of the nucleus

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17
Q

Compare the volume of the atom and its nucleus

A

Volume of a sphere is (4πr³)/3

So Volume of atom : Volume of nucleus = (R/r)³ = (10⁵)³ = 10¹⁵

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18
Q

Relationship between radius of nucleus and mass number

A

Radius of nucleus = R₀ × A⅓

R₀ = 1.33 × 10^-13 cm

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19
Q

What is the formula for force of attraction between 2 charges? Which law does it follow?

A

According to Coulomb’s Law:

F = K . q₁ q₂/ r²

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20
Q

Based on Coulomb’s Law what is the formula for PE?

A

PE = F × d
= K . q₁ q₂/ r² × r
= K . q₁ q₂/ r

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21
Q

As distance between charges increases, how does PE get affected?

A

Like Charges:
Greater the separation, lesser the PE

Unlike Charges:
Greater the separation, greater the PE

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22
Q

What is the formula for distance of closest approach of Alpha particle

A

PEᵢ + KEᵢ = PEբ + KEբ

at initial position, r = infinity, so PEᵢ = 0
at final position, v = 0, so KEբ = 0

therefore KEᵢ = PEբ

therefore rₘᵢₙ = K . q₁ q₂/ KEᵢ

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23
Q

What is the ratio of specific charge of proton to specific charge of Alpha particle?

A

specific charge = charge/mass

therefore proton : alpha particle
1/1 ÷ 2/4 = 2:1

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24
Q

Define a wave

A

A method of transport of energy without transfer of matter

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25
Q

Define amplitude

A

Height of a crest or depth of a trough

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26
Q

Define wavelength

A

Distance between two consecutive crests or troughs

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27
Q

Define frequency

A

Number of waves passing through a point in one second

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28
Q

Define time period

A

Time taken for one wave to cross a given point

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29
Q

Define speed of a wave

A

Distance traveled by a wave per unit time

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30
Q

Define wave number

A

Number of waves in a unit distance

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31
Q

Basic Formula for speed of a wave

A

c = f * λ

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32
Q

Postulates of Maxwell’s Theory

A
  • Theory suggests wave nature
  • When a charged particle moves, it creates a magnetic component and an electric component
  • Electric component and magnetic component of the wave are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation of the wave. Such waves are known as electromagnetic radiations
33
Q

Name the Radiations in the Electromagnetic Spectrum in increasing order of Wavelength

A
  • cosmic rays
  • gamma rays
  • x rays
  • ultraviolet rays
  • visible spectrum
  • violet
  • indigo
  • blue
  • green
  • yellow
  • orange
  • red
  • infrared rays
  • microwave rays
  • radiowave rays
34
Q

What is the speed of electromagnetic radiations?

A

3 * 10^8 m/s

35
Q

In what Medium do electromagnetic radiations propagate?

A

Do not require medium for propagation

36
Q

Formula for Time Period of a wave

A

T = 1/v(frequency)

37
Q

Formula for wave number

A

wave number = 1/λ(wavelength)

38
Q

Formula for speed of wave(using wave number)

A

speed = (f)frequency/(v)wave number

39
Q

Wave nature can explain

A
  • Interference

- Diffraction

40
Q

Wave nature cannot explain

A
  • Black Body Radiation

- Photoelectric Effect

41
Q

Postulates of Planck’s Quantum Theory

A
  • Theory suggests particle nature for EMR
  • According to the theory, thermally hot objects absorb or emit energy
  • Energy is emitted or absorbed in the form of small packets or bundles known as quantum
42
Q

Formula for Energy associated with each quantum

A

E = hf

where h is Planck’s constant and f is frequency of the quantum

43
Q

Value of Planck’s constant

A

6.626 x 10^-34 J.s or 6.626 x 10^-27 erg.s

44
Q

Formula for Energy of quantum in joules

A

E = hc/λ(in metres)

45
Q

Energy of quantum in eV

A

1240/λ in nm

46
Q

1 eV in Joules and erg

A
  1. 6 x 10^-19 J

1. 6 x 10^-12 erg

47
Q

Centripetal Force of an Electron

A

F = K[q1 x q2]/r^2 = K[Ze^2]/r^2

48
Q

Centrifugal Force of Electron

A

mv^2/r

49
Q

Formula for velocity of Electron from centripetal-centrifugal force

A

v^2 = K[Ze^2]/mr

50
Q

From Bohr’s Model, Angular Momentum

A

mvr = nh/2π

51
Q

Velocity of an Electron from Bohr’s Model

A

v = 2πZe²K/nh

52
Q

Formula for Radius of an Electron

A

r = n^2h^2/4π^2Ze^2m*K

53
Q

Numeric Formula for Radius of an Electron

A

r = 0.529 * n^2/Z angstrom

54
Q

Proportionality for Radius of an Electron

A

r is directly proportional to n^2/Z

55
Q

What is Photoelectric Effect?

A

When light(a photon) of a suitable frequency strikes a metal, it ejects an electron(known as photoelectron)

56
Q

What is the threshold frequency of a photon?

A

The minimum frequency of a photon that allows for the emission of a photoelectron when it strikes a metal plate

57
Q

Photoelectric Effect is exhibited by which elements?

A

Alkali Metals like Rb, Cs, K

58
Q

How does voltage of the battery affect movement of photoelectron?

A

Higher the voltage if the battery, greater the chances of the photoelectron striking the anode

59
Q

Formula for energy of a photon

A

Ephoton = hv

60
Q

Formula for Threshold Energy of a photon

A

E = hvmin

61
Q

If frequency of photon is less than threshold frequency

A

Photoelectron not emitted

62
Q

If frequency of photon is equal to threshold frequency

A

Photoelectron emitted

63
Q

If frequency of photon is more than threshold frequency

A

Photoelectron emitted with KE

64
Q

Formula for energy of photon(in terms of charge and voltage)

A

Energy = Charge * Voltage

65
Q

Formula for Charge of a photon

A

Charge = Current * Time

66
Q

Formula for Energy of a Photon

A

E = Emin + KEphotoelectron

67
Q

Threshold Energy for Li

A

2.4

68
Q

Threshold Energy for Na

A

2.3

69
Q

Threshold Energy for K

A

2.2

70
Q

Threshold Energy for Mg

A

3.7

71
Q

Threshold Energy for Cu

A

4.8

72
Q

Threshold Energy for Pt

A

6.3

73
Q

Formula for Intensity of Light

A

I = E/A*t

74
Q

If intensity of light increases, what increases(from the formula)

A

Frequency of the photon remains constant

So only the number of photons can increase when intensity increases

75
Q

The number of photoelectrons emitted is the same as

A

The number of photons incident

76
Q

As intensity of light increases, photocurrent

A

Increases

77
Q

Formula for stopping potential

A

V = KE/q

78
Q

Numeric Formula for velocity of an electron in orbit

A

2.18 * 10⁶ * z/n metres per second

JEE Chemistry (1 decks)

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