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Physics Paper 1 > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the plum pudding model?

A

A model of the atom where the atom consisted of positively charged sphere with a lot of negative electrons stuck in it.
Proposed by J.J Thomson

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2
Q

What is the nuclear model?

A

Current model of positively charged nucleus of protons and neutrons, orbited by negatively charged electrons.
Proposed by Ernest Rutherford

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3
Q

What is alpha (α) radiation?

A

2 neutrons and 2 protons
Same as Helium nucleus.
Atomic No = -2
Mass No = -4

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4
Q

What is the electric charge of alpha radiation?

A

+2

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5
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of alpha radiation?

A

4

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6
Q

How penetrating is alpha radiation?

A

Stopped by paper or a few centimetres of air

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7
Q

How ionising is alpha radiation?

A

Strongly ionising

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8
Q

What is effect of magnetic field of alpha particle?

A

Strongly deflected

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9
Q

What is beta (β) radiation?

A

High energy electron
A neutron changes to a proton
Atomic No. = +1
Mass No. = +0

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10
Q

What is the electric charge of beta radiation?

A

-1

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11
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of beta radiation?

A

1/1860

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12
Q

How penetrating is beta radiation?

A

Stopped by a few millimetres of aluminium

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13
Q

How ionising is is beta radiation?

A

Weakly ionising

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14
Q

What is the effect of the magnetic field of beta radiation?

A

Strongly deflected

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15
Q

What is Gamma (y) radiation?

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation
Atomic No = +0
Mass No = +0

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16
Q

What is the electric charge of gamma radiation?

A

0

17
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of gamma radiation?

A

0

18
Q

What is the penetrating power of gamma radiation?

A

Stopped by several centimetres of lead or several metres of concrete

19
Q

How ionising is gamma radiation?

A

Very weakly ionising

20
Q

What is the effect of the magnetic field of gamma radiation?

A

Not deflected

21
Q

What is radioactivity?

A

Some atomic Isotopes are unstable and emit radiation so they become more stable this process is called Radioactive Decay.

22
Q

What are the 3 types of radiation?

A
  • Alphaα
  • Beta β
  • Gamma γ
23
Q

What is ionisation?

A

When radiation hits an atom it can cause it to lose electrons.
The positively charged atom produced is called an ion, and this process is called ionisation

24
Q

What is radioactivity measured by/with?

A

Measured in Becquerel (Bq)

Decay is measured by a Geiger-Muller tube (eg a Geiger Counter)

Physics Paper 1 (4 decks)

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