Atomic Structure Flashcards
(S): This symbol means what?
Solid state.
(L): This symbol means what?
Liquid state.
(G): This symbol means what?
Gas state.
(aq): This symbol means what?
Aqueous state (dissolves in water).
Electrons: Found in?
Shells of atoms.
Protons: Found in?
Nucleus of atoms.
Neutrons: Found in?
Nucleus of atoms.
Electrons: Mass and Charge =
Mass = Almost 0 Charge = Negative
Protons: Mass and Charge =
Mass = 1 Charge = Positive
Neutrons: Mass and Charge =
Mass = 1 Charge = Neutral
The right, top number of an atomic symbol is the _______.
Atomic Mass
The right, bottom number of an atomic symbol is the _______.
Atomic (Proton) Number
Amount of Neutrons = ________ - ______
Atomic Mass - Atomic Number
Top - Bottom
Amount of Protons/Electrons = __________
Atomic Number
Each shell in an atom can only hold a certain amount of electrons. How many can the 1st Shell hold?
The 1st shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
How many electrons can the 2nd Shell hold?
The 2nd shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.
How many electrons can the 3rd Shell hold?
The 3rd shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.
What is an Isotope?
An atom of the same element but a different number of neutrons.
How is the chemical reaction of different isotopes different?
They aren’t, they are identical.
What is an element?
A material made purely of one type of atom.
What is a mixture?
A substance made of at least 2 different types of atoms not chemically bonded.
What is a compound?
A material made of at least 2 different types of atoms chemically bonded.
How does filtration separate mixtures?
Filtration removes insoluble solids but allows liquids and dissolved solids to pass through.
How does evaporation separate mixtures?
Removes liquids and leaves behind dissolved solids.
How does distillation separate mixtures?
Removes and collects water with similar boiling points.
How is chromatography used?
It is used to separate small amounts of mixtures, especially formulations.
Who made the Plumb Pudding theory?
John Dalton
What is the Plumb Pudding theory?
That an atom is a solid sphere with a positive charge, and that it has negative particles stuck in it.
What is the Rutherford scattering experiment?
The experiment involves firing alpha particle ( positively charged helium nuclei made of two protons and two neutrons) at a thin layer of gold foil.
What did the Rutherford scattering experiment prove?
That atoms have nuclei, as some of the helium nuclei bounced off the foil, whilst some passed through.
Who carried out the Rutherford scattering experiment?
Ernest, Baron Rutherford
Who made the Bohr model?
Neils Bohr
What is the Bohr model?
The Bohr model includes shells with electrons in each shell, with a nucleus that includes neutrons and protons in the middle.
