Atomic Sctructure And The Periodic Table

Question 1

What is the definition of an element?

Answer 1

A substance consisting of atoms with the same atomic number

Question 2

What is the definition of a compound?

Answer 2

A substance containing two or more different types of atoms chemically joined together

Question 3

What is the definition of a mixture?

Answer 3

A substance containing different types of elements and compounds that are NOT chemically joined together

Question 4

What types of substances does paper chromatography separate?

Answer 4

Different dyes in an ink

Question 5

What type of substance does filtration separate?

Answer 5

Insoluble solids from liquids

Question 6

What type of substance does evaporation separate?

Answer 6

Soluble solids from solutions

Question 7

What type of substance does crystallisation separate?

Answer 7

Soluble solids from solutions

Question 8

What two separation techniques are used to separate rock salt?

Answer 8

Filtration and crystallisation

Question 9

What type of substance does simple distillation separate?

Answer 9

A liquid from a solution

Question 10

What type of substance does fractional distillation separate?

Answer 10

A mixture of liquids

Question 11

What can fractional distillation do that simple distillation cannot?

Answer 11

Separate multiple liquids with similar boiling points

Question 12

Who described atoms as solid spheres and when?

Answer 12

John Dalton at the start of the 19th century

Question 13

Who created the plum pudding model and when?

Answer 13

J. J. Thomson in 1897

Question 14

Who conducted the alpha particle experiments in 1909 and created the nuclear model (and also named the proton in 1927)?

Answer 14

Ernest Rutherford and Ernest Marsden

Question 15

Who proposed that electrons orbit the atom in fixed shells and when?

Answer 15

Niels Bohr in 1913

Question 16

Who proposed the existence of the neutron and when?

Answer 16

James Chadwick in 1932

Question 17

What is the order of the amount of electrons allowed in each shell?

Answer 17

2, 8, 8

Question 18

In the early 19th century, what were elements categorised by?

Answer 18

1) Their physical and chemical properties

2) Their relative atomic mass

Question 19

Who made the first periodic table with gaps and when?

Answer 19

Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869

Question 20

How did Mendeleev sort his periodic table?

Answer 20

Mainly by atomic mass, but changed it if the properties contrasted

Question 21

What is the name of the vertical columns on the modern periodic table that contain elements with similar properties?

Answer 21

Groups

Question 22

What does the group number tell you?

Answer 22

How many electrons are in the outer shell of each element

Question 23

What are the rows in the modern periodic table called?

Answer 23

Periods

Question 24

Where on the modern periodic table do elements not have many electrons in the outer shell, so react to lose these electrons easily?

Answer 24

The left

Question 25

Where on the modern periodic table do elements have lots of electrons in their outer shell, so try to gain or share electrons to get a full outer shell?

Answer 25

The right

Question 26

What are some properties of metals?

Answer 26

Strong, malleable, shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, high boiling and melting points, high density

Question 27

What are some properties of non metals?

Answer 27

Brittle, dull looking, bad conductors of heat and electricity, low melting and boiling points, low density

Question 28

In Group 1, does the reactivity increase or decrease as you go down the group?

Answer 28

Increase - outer electron is more easily lost because it is further away from the nucleus so its attraction is less

Question 29

In Group 1, do the melting and boiling points increase or decrease as you go down the group?

Answer 29

Decrease

Question 30

In Group 1, does the relative atomic mass increase or decrease as you go down the group?

Answer 30

Increase

Question 31

What kind of ions do alkali metals form when they react with non-metals?

Answer 31

1+

Question 32

What do alkali metals produce when reacting with water?

Answer 32

Hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides

Question 33

What do alkali metals produce when reacting with chlorine?

Answer 33

White metal chloride salts

Question 34

What do alkali metals produce when reacting with oxygen?

Answer 34

Metal oxides

Question 35

True or false - alkali metals are very soft

Answer 35

True