Atomic orbitals, electronic configurations and the periodic table Flashcards
the discrete lines observed in atomic spectra can be explained…
if electrons, like photons also display the properties of both particles and waves.
electrons behave as…
standing waves in an atom. these are waves that vibrate in time but do not move in space. there are different sizes and shapes of standing waves possible around the nucleus, known as orbitals.
orbital can hold a maximum of…
2 electrons.
the different shapes of orbitals are identified as…
s,p,d and f orbitals.
electrons within atoms have…
fixed amounts of energy called quants
u can identify an electron using 4 quantum numbers
n= main energy level for an electron and is related to the size of the orbital L= shape of subshell and can have values from zero to n-L
m1= determines the orientation of the orbital and can have values between -L and +L
Ms= determines the direction of spin and can have values of +1/2 or -1/2
electrons within atoms are arranged according to…
Aufbau principle
Hund’s rule
The Pauli exclusion principle
Aufbau principle is when…
electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy
Hund’s rule is when…
when degenerate orbitals are available, electrons fill each singly, keeping their spins parallel before spin pairing
the Pauli exclusion principle is…
no two electrons in one atom can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers, therefore no orbitals can hold more than 2 electrons and these electrons must have opposite spins
in an isolated atom the orbitals within each subshell are…
degenerate
VSEPR theory can…
be used to predict the shapes of molecules and polyatomic molecules
arrangement for electron pairs around a central atom is…
linear for 2 electron pairs trigonal planar for 3 electron pairs tetrahedral for 4 electron pairs trigonal bipyramidal for 5 electron pairs octahedral for 6 electron pairs
electron pair repulsions decrease in strength in the order:
nb/nb nb/bp bp/bp
