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SAT Chemistry > Atomic and Molecular Structure > Flashcards

Atomic and Molecular Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Property defined as the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in the gaseous state.

A

ionization energy

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2
Q

Which of the following elements most easily accepts an extra electron?

He, Ca, Cl, Fr, or Na

A

Cl

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3
Q

Which of the following pairs has one metalloid element and one nonmetal element

Pb and Bi

Sb and Ca

K and F

As and Si

Ge and F

A

Ge and F

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4
Q

Periods on the periodic table represent elements?

A

with consecutive atomic numbers

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5
Q

How many electrons can occupy the n=2 (2s and 2p) shell?

A

8

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6
Q

Ignoring hydrogen, which area(s) or the periodic table contain(s) both metal and nonmetals?

A

p area (elements with p orbitals are largest)

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7
Q

What is number of known nonmetals relative to metals?

A

17 to 84

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8
Q

What did Dalton postulate?

A

Each element has indivisible ParTicles called elements

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9
Q

True or false: iron with a mass equal to 55.43 amu is 55.43/12.000 times greater than 12C

A

true

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10
Q

Which is the principal quantum number?

A

n

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11
Q

How many electrons occupy the 4s shell?

A

2

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12
Q

An excited hydrogen atom emits light of a specific spectrum and characteristic wavelength when?

A

excited electrons drop to lower energy levels

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13
Q

which has the largest radius?

Br-

K+

Ar

Ca2+

Cl-

A

Br-

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14
Q

In ground state how many unpaired electrons does sulfur have?

A

2

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15
Q

Which element would be in the same group as the element whose elctronic configurations is 1s22s22p63s23p64s1?

Ar

Se

Mg

P

Li

A

Li

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16
Q

When an atom is most stable, how many electrons does it contain in the valence shell?

A

8 (2 in s and 6 in p)

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17
Q

Wich characteristic(s) is/are responsible for the changes seen in the first ionization energy when moving down a column?

A

increased shielding of electrons and larger atomic radii

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18
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4f shell?

A

14

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19
Q

The property that describes the energy released by a gas phase atom from adding an electron is

A

electron affinity

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20
Q

True of false: the attraction of the nucleus on the outermost electron in an atom tends to decrease from right to left and top to bottom

A

true

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21
Q

How many protons and neutrons are there in 35Cl?

A

17;18

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22
Q

Which of the follow must be the same if two atoms represent the same element?

a. number of neutrons
b. atomic mass
c. number of electron shells
d. atomic number
e. number of valence electrons

A

d. atomic number

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23
Q

Which of the follow is not a solid metal under normal conditions?

a. Ce
b. Os
c. Ba
d. Cr
e. Hg

A

e. Hg

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24
Q

True or false: electron affinity is the energy liberated when an electron is added to a gaseous neutral atom converting it to an anion.

A

true

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25
Q

True or false: Metalloids are elements that have some properties like metals and some like nonmetals.

A

true

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26
Q

Which of the following are halogens?

a. Br
b. H
c. I

A

a. yes
b. no
c. yes

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27
Q

True or false: According to John Dalton, the smallest division of an element is an atom.

A

true

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28
Q

Is 11H and 12H a pair of isotopes?

A

yes

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29
Q

True or false: early investigators proposed that the ray of the cathode tube was actually a negatively charged particle because the ray was attracted to positively charges electric plates.

A

true

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30
Q

What are the value of the quantum numbers n and l in the highest occupied orbital for the element carbon that has an atomic number of 6.

A

n = 2, l = 1

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31
Q

Which type of subshell is filled by the distinguishing electron in an alkaline earth metal?

A

s

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32
Q

True or false: An element ending with 3p4 needs two more electrons in the 3rd shell to be completely filled.

A

true

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33
Q

True or false: Halogens form anions by gaining two electrons.

A

false. (by gaining one)

34
Q

What is the term for a broad band interrupted band of radiation energy?

A

Continuous spectrum

35
Q

True or false: the following are in correct order of increasing atomic radius.

Sb < Te < In < Sr < Rb

A

false

(Te < Sb < In < Sr < Rb)

36
Q

Does 1s22s22p63s23d10 represent an excited state of an atom?

A

yes 3p state missing

37
Q

Which has the greatest ionization energy?

a. Rb
b. Ne
c. K
d. Ca
e. Mg

38
Q

Which of the following is a nonmetal?

a. Na
b. Cl
c. Al
d. Mg
e. Pd

39
Q

An atom containing 47 protons, 47 electrons, and 60 neutrons is an isotope of

40
Q

The shell level of an electron is defined by which quantum number?

A

principal quantum number

41
Q

How many neutrons are there in 49Be?

42
Q

What is the approximate mass of an electron?

A

5 x 10-4 amu

43
Q

What is the name of CaCl2?

A

calcium chloride

44
Q

What is the namer for elements in the same column of the periodic table that have similar chemical properties?

45
Q

Are 31Ga, 49In, and 81Ti in the same group?

46
Q

Which elemeent would most likely be a metal with a low melting point?

a. K
b. B
c. N
d. C
e. Cl

47
Q

Mg is an example of

A

alkaline earth metal

48
Q

Ture or false: Metalloids hasv seome metallic and nonmetallic properties and may have low electrical conductivities.

49
Q

Which is a halogen?

a. Os
b. I
c. O
d. Te
e. Se

50
Q

Silicon exists as 28Si, 29Si, and 30Si. Which is most abundant in nature

51
Q

True or false: Early investigaotrs proposed that the ray of the cathode ray tube was due to the cathode because the ray was observed in the presence or absence of a gas.

52
Q

True or false: the spin quantum number implies the following

a. two spinning electrons generate magnetic fields.
b. the values are -1/2 and +1/2
c. orbital electrons have opposite spins

53
Q

How many quantum numbers are required to describe a single electron in an atom?

A

4

principal n (level 1,2,3,…)

angular momentum l (orbit s,p,d,..)

magnetic m (ranges from -l to +l)

spin (-1/2 or +1/2)

54
Q

Are the followintg in the correct order of increasing energy in a subshell?

3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s

A

no

3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d

55
Q

Rank the elements in order of decreasing atomic radius.

Mg, Na, P, Cl, Al

A

Na > Mg > Al > P > Cl

56
Q

What is electron configuration of boron?

57
Q

Which element has the electron configuration

1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p2

58
Q

Which element has the greatest ionization energy?

a. Ar
b. Sr
c. Br
d. In
e. Sn

59
Q

Which element has the lowest electronegativity?

a. Mg
b. Al
c. Cl
d. Br
e. I

60
Q

Which of the following is a solid nonmetal under normal conditions?

a. Cl
b. F
c. Se
d. As
e. Ar

61
Q

What causes th emission spectrum?

A

excited elctrons dropping to a lower energy level

62
Q

Is n=4; l=2; ml=2; ms=-1/2 a psooble quantum number?

63
Q

The number of neutrons is equal to?

A

mass number minus atomic number

64
Q

Which of the following are compounds rather than elements?

O3

CCl4

S8

65
Q

Which of the following is incorrect?

Mo - transition element

Sr - alkaline earth metal

K - representative element

Ar - noble gas

Po - halogen

A

Po - halogen

66
Q

What is the name given to elements which has properties of both metals and nonmetals?

A

metalloids

67
Q

Is the following arranged in the correct order from smallest to largest atomic radii?

Al3+ < S2- < S < Al

A

no

Al3+ < S < S2- < Al

68
Q

How many valence electrons does S have?

69
Q

Is As a semimetal?

70
Q

Which statement is not true for noble gases?

a. The more masssive noble gases will react with other elements.
b. They belong to group VIIIA
c. They contain at least one metalloid.
d. He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn are included
e. They were once known as inert gases

71
Q

Which of the following are good experimental method(s) to distinguish ordinary hydrogen and deuterium, a rare isotope of hydrogen?

a. Measure density at STP
b. Measeure rate at which gas effuses
c. Infrared spectroscopy

72
Q

Which is more abundant 6Li or 7Li?

73
Q

What is the charge of one mole of electrons?

A

6.022 x 1023 e-

74
Q

Which of the following are true?

a. the f subshell has 7 orbitals
b. the d subshell has 5 orbitals
c. the third energy shell (n=3) has no f orbitals

A

all are true

75
Q

True or false: Cl has higher ionization energy than I.

76
Q

True or false: electrons fill with increasing distance from the nucleus and increasing energy level.

77
Q

What produces an atomic fingerprint?

A

excited electrons dropping to a lower energy level and emitting a certain spectrum

78
Q

What is the electron configuration of Mn?

A

1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5

79
Q

True or false: F has greater electronegativity than I?

80
Q

Is Ca an alkali metal?

SAT Chemistry (3 decks)

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