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Chem > Atomic > Flashcards

Atomic Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the smallest unit of an element?

A

Atom

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2
Q

True or False: Atoms can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

A

False

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3
Q

What are the three main subatomic particles of an atom?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The nucleus of an atom contains ______ and ______.

A

protons; neutrons

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5
Q

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

A

Proton

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6
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

Neutral

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7
Q

True or False: Electrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the approximate mass of a proton?

A

1 atomic mass unit (amu)

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9
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of ______ and ______.

A

protons; neutrons

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11
Q

Which particle determines the chemical properties of an atom?

A

Electron

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12
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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13
Q

True or False: All isotopes of an element have the same atomic number.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the main difference between the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model of the atom?

A

The Bohr model has fixed orbits for electrons, while the quantum mechanical model describes electron positions in terms of probabilities.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The region around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found is called an ______.

A

orbital

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16
Q

What does the electron configuration of an atom describe?

A

The distribution of electrons in the atom’s orbitals

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17
Q

True or False: The maximum number of electrons in an orbital is two.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

A

No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

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19
Q

What is the principle quantum number?

A

It indicates the energy level of an electron in an atom.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ principle states that electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first.

A

Aufbau

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21
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

22
Q

True or False: Valence electrons are important for chemical bonding.

A

True

23
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a charge.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: An atom that loses an electron becomes a ______.

A

cation

25
Q

Fill in the blank: An atom that gains an electron becomes an ______.

A

anion

26
Q

What is the significance of the octet rule?

A

Atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell.

27
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

28
Q

True or False: Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.

A

True

29
Q

What is an orbital?

A

A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons.

30
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ model describes electrons as waves rather than particles.

A

quantum mechanical

31
Q

What are the four types of orbitals?

A

s, p, d, and f

32
Q

What shape does an s orbital have?

A

Spherical

33
Q

What shape does a p orbital have?

A

Dumbbell-shaped

34
Q

True or False: The d orbitals can hold a maximum of 10 electrons.

A

True

35
Q

What is the significance of the noble gases in atomic structure?

A

They have full valence shells, making them chemically inert.

36
Q

What is a quantum number?

A

A set of numbers that describe the properties of atomic orbitals and the electrons in those orbitals.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The second quantum number, also known as the ______ number, describes the shape of an orbital.

A

azimuthal

38
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third energy level?

A

18

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the weighted average of all the isotopes of an element.

A

atomic weight

40
Q

What determines the identity of an element?

A

The number of protons in its nucleus.

41
Q

True or False: The mass of an electron is significantly larger than that of a proton.

A

False

42
Q

What is the role of neutrons in an atom?

A

They provide stability to the nucleus.

43
Q

Fill in the blank: The strong nuclear force holds ______ together in the nucleus.

A

protons and neutrons

44
Q

What is an electron cloud?

A

The region around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: The number of protons in the nucleus is equal to the number of ______ in a neutral atom.

A

electrons

46
Q

What is the significance of a chemical symbol?

A

It represents an element and consists of one or two letters.

47
Q

True or False: The atomic mass of an element is usually a whole number.

A

False

48
Q

What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom?

A

Ionization energy

49
Q

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

A

They are inversely related; as one increases, the other decreases.

50
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ principle explains why electrons occupy specific energy levels.

A

quantum

Chem (5 decks)

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