Atom, Molecules and Ions (L1)

Question 1

Atomic Theory (Dalton’s 1st Postulate)

Answer 1

Matter consists of smaller indivisible particles called atomos(atoms)

Question 2

What determines chemical properties and reactivity of elements

Answer 2

Electrons, more precisely their electronic structure

Question 3

Hydroxide ion

Answer 3

OH-

Question 4

Ammonium ion

Answer 4

NH4+

Question 5

Nitrate ion

Answer 5

NO3-

Question 6

Carbonate ion

Answer 6

CO3 2-

Question 7

Sulfate ion

Answer 7

SO4 2-

Question 8

Phosphate ion

Answer 8

PO4 3-

Question 9

NO3-

Answer 9

Nitrate ion

Question 10

SO4 2-

Answer 10

Sulfate ion

Question 11

CO3 2-

Answer 11

Carbonate ion

Question 12

PO4 3-

Answer 12

Phosphate ion

Question 13

OH-

Answer 13

Hydroxide ion

Question 14

NH4+

Answer 14

Ammonium ion

Question 15

Nomenclature of Cations

Answer 15

Same name of the element with ion on the end

Question 16

Nomenclature of Monoatomic Anions

Answer 16

Suffix -ide is added to the name of the atom

Question 17

Nomenclature of Polyatomic Anions containing O

Answer 17

Add the suffix -ite or -ate to the name of the atom

Question 18

Nomenclature of Polyatomic Anions with two different amount of O involved

Answer 18

The anion with fewer O involved ends in -ite and the other ends in -ate

Question 19

Nomenclature of Polyatomic Anions for a Halogen and amount of O

Answer 19

In order of amount of O; hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate. Same for Br and I

Question 20

Nomenclature of Polyatomic Anions containing O and where a H+ can be added to give another Anion

Answer 20

Add the word hydrogen of dihydrogen

Question 21

Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds

Answer 21

Cation name followed by Anion name

Question 22

Nomenclature of Binary Molecules

Answer 22

The element which is farthest left in the periodic table is written first, if both equally left then the element with the higher atomic number is first. The name of the second element is given an -ide at the end. Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of each element in the molecule (in order mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta).

Question 23

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 23

Electrons are shared equally between the two atoms

Question 24

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 24

An atom exerts a greater attraction for the shared electrons

Question 25

Electronegativity

Answer 25

Measure of the relative attraction that an atom has for the shared electrons in a bond, scaling from 0.7 - 4

Question 26

What is the bond when the electronegativity difference is less then 0.4

Answer 26

Non-polar covalent bond

Question 27

What is the bond when the electronegativity difference is between 0.4 - 1.5

Answer 27

Polar covalent bond

Question 28

What is the bond when the electronegativity difference is between 1.5 and 2

Answer 28

Ionic if between a metal and non-metal, polar covalent if between two non-metals

Question 29

What is the bond when the electronegativity difference is higher than two

Answer 29

Ionic bond