Atom, Molecules, And Ions Flashcards

1
Q

Group 1A

A
Alkaline Metals
(1+)
-highly basic
-React rapidly with water 
- never found in pure state in nature
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2
Q

Group 2A

A

Alkaline earth meals
(2+)
-less reactive
-never found in nature in pure state

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3
Q

Groups 3-12 (3B-2B)

A

Transition metals

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4
Q

Group 17 (7A)

A

Halogens
(-1)
-colorful, corrosive nonmetals
-not found in pure state in nature

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5
Q

Group 18 (8A)

A

Noble gasses

-colorless gasses with very low chemical reactivity

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6
Q

Metals

A
  • all except mercury are found at room temp.
  • malleable
  • good conductors
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7
Q

Non-metals

A
  • All on right side of zig-zag line, except Hydrogen
  • when solid…
    - Brittle, poor conductors
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8
Q

Metalloids

A

-properties are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals

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9
Q

Intensive property

A

Does not depend on amount

  • density
  • melting point
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10
Q

Extensive property

A

Does depend on amount

  • length
  • volume
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11
Q

Physical properties

A

Does not involve change in chemical makeup

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12
Q

Chemical property

A

Does involve change in chemical makeup

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13
Q

Atoms of different elements joined together in many different ways

A

Chemical compound

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14
Q

Each chemical compound is described by its…

A

Chemical formula

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15
Q

A chemical reaction is written via a…

A

Chemical equation

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16
Q

Law of Mass conservation

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical equations

17
Q

Law of definite proportions

A

Different samples of a pure chemical compound always contain the same proportion of elements by mass

18
Q

Law of multiple proportions

A

Elements can combine in different ways to form different chemical compounds whose mass ratios are simple, whole-number multiples of each other

19
Q

Cathode ray tubes/Thomson

A

Discovery of electrons

20
Q

Gold foil/Rutherford

A

Discovery of Protons and Neutrons

21
Q

Dalton’s theory of matter

A
  • elements are made of tiny particles called atoms
  • each element is characterized by the mass of its atom
  • fractional parts of elements are never involved in chemical reactions
  • Chemicals only rearrange, atoms themselves do not change
22
Q

Atomic Number

A
  • Number of protons in nucleus

- number of electrons in neutral form

23
Q

Mass number

A

of protons + # of Neutrons

24
Q

Writing mass and atomic # together in the elemental symbol

A

Mass # = superscript

Atomic # = subscript

25
Atomic weight
Weighted average of the elements naturally occurring isotopes
26
Mole and Molar Mass
One mole of any element is the amount whose mass in grams (molar mass) is equal to its atomic weight
27
Avogadro’s Number
6. 022141x10^23 | - equal to the amount of atoms in 1 mol of any element
28
Covalent bond
- sharing electrons | - creates a molecule
29
diatomic elements
- only exist in pairs of themselves - 7 to heaven - H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I
30
Binary Ionic compounds
- only 2 elements - gain or loss of electrons - involve cation (+) and anion (-) - naming... - positive ion first, name does not change - negative ion 2nd, ending of element changes to “-ide”
31
Cations & Anions
- metals tend to form cations - nonmetals tend to form anions - find charge using location (group) on periodic table (1+) (2+) (3+) (3-) (2-) (1-)
32
!!!!!
- using Roman numerals to create a neutral compound - all about charges, an number of each element - cross drop
33
Polyatomic ions
-first cation, then anion -usually end in “-ite” or “-ate” Oxoanions- has different # of oxygen atoms
34
Finding AMU using isotopes
(M1P1 + M2P2 +...) / # of isotopes ``` M= mass of isotope P= percent abundance of isotope (decimal) ```