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Physics Additional > Atom And Radiation > Flashcards

Atom And Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the relative charge of a proton

A

+1

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2
Q

What’s the relative charge of a neutron

A

0

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3
Q

What’s the relative charge of an electron

A

-1

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4
Q

The the mass of a proton

A

1

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5
Q

What’s the mass of the nuetron

A

1

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6
Q

What’s the mass of the electron

A

Small

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7
Q

What’s an isotope

A

Same elements with a different number of nuetrons

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8
Q

What radiation/radioactivity comes out of the nucleus

A

Gamma

Alpha

Beta

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9
Q

How do we measure the radiation coming out of the nucleus

A

Through geiger Muller tube

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10
Q

What type of background radiation is man-made used for

A

Air travel

Nuclear reactions

Nuclear weapons

Medical- X-rays

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11
Q

What type of back ground radiation is Rocks/ ground used for

A

Building Materials

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12
Q

Where does background Radiation come from?

A

Environment

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13
Q

What did Rutherford and Mersdon thought?

A

That electrons were stuck to the nucleus

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14
Q

How did Rutherford and mersdon test plum pudding

A
  • set up in a vacuum chamber (no air)
  • source of Alpha Particles = 2+
  • Very thin gold foil

Detector moves checking the particles

Most went straight through

Some were deflected

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15
Q

What did Rutherford and Mersdon found in plum pudding

A

Most went straight through

Some came back

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16
Q

What was the conclusion about the plum pudding

A

Most atoms were empty

The positive centre was dense

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17
Q

What the new evidence about plum pudding

A

Replaced if changed the theory

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18
Q

What is alpha made up

A

2 protons

2 neutrons

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19
Q

What’s the charge of an Alpha

A

2+

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20
Q

What’s the mass of an Alpha

A

4

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21
Q

What’s Beta made up of

A

Electrons

22
Q

What’s the relative charge of beta

A

-1

23
Q

What’s the reletive mass of beta

A

Small

24
Q

What’s gamma made of?

A

Electro magnetic wave

25
Q

What’s the relative charge of Gamma

A

0

26
Q

What’s the mass of Gamma

A

0

27
Q

What’s alphas range in Air

A

Few CM

28
Q

What’s alpha stopped by

A

Layer of paper

29
Q

What’s the range in air for beta

A

1 metre

30
Q

What’s beta stopped by

A

Aluminium

31
Q

What’s the range in air for gamma

A

Unlimited

32
Q

What’s gamma stopped by?

A

Few thickness of lead

33
Q

What do you find in a magnetic field

A

Beta is deflected the most

Alpha is deflected slightly

Gamma has no deflection

34
Q

What do you find in an Electric field

A

Alpha is attracted to a negative

Beta is deflected more to positive

Gamma has no deflection

35
Q

What’s half life

A

The average time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei

36
Q

What’s the danger in radiation

A

Causes cancer

Ionisation

37
Q

What are alpha particles stopped by

A

Skin

38
Q

What are beta particles stopped by

A

Foil

39
Q

What are gamma stopped by

A

Lead

40
Q

What’s Alpha used for

A

Controlling paper thickness

Smoke alarms

41
Q

What’s beta used for?

A

Controlling foil thickness

42
Q

What’s gamma used for

A

Sterilising equipment

Kills cancer

Tracers

43
Q

What’s nuclear fission used for

A

To generate heat

44
Q

What’s the step by step process of Nuclear Fission

A

Boils water

Water turns to steam

Steam then goes to heat exchanger

Turns turbine

To generate electricity

45
Q

What’s the step by step process of fissionable element

A

Fire nuetron into an element

Atom splits into 2 nuclei energy is released (chain reaction)

46
Q

What’s Nuclear Fission

A

Joining the 2 nuclei

47
Q

What’s advantages of Nuclear fusion

A

Energy releases

No radioactive waste

48
Q

What’s the disadvantages of nuclear fusion

A

Not achieved at a low enough temp

49
Q

What’s disadvantages of nuclear fission

A

Radioactive waste produces

50
Q

What’s the advantage of nuclear fission

A

Technology developed and is in use

Physics Additional (8 decks)

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